, Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
Multiple Choice
x1
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the ce
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
ll compartment. x1
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in t
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
wo potassium ions. x1 x1
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x
in the presence of oxygen?
1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid x1 x1 x1
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A x1 x1 x1
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. 2 x 1 x 1
2. 3 x 1 x 1
3. 34 x 1 x 1
4. 53 x 1 x 1
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids x1
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids x1
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress x1 x1 x1
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. During a severe hypoxic state x1 x1 x1 x1
4. During the processing of prohormone x1 x1 x1 x1
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretory vesicles x1
, 4. Endoplasmic reticula x1
x 1 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Actin and myosin x1 x1
2. Prohormone and tubulin x1 x1
3. Tubulin and actin x1 x1
4. Myosin and prohormone x1 x1
x 1 9. x 1 Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes x1
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Accumulation of ganglioside x1 x1
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis x1 x1 x1 x1
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity x1 x1 x1 x1
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. During ER stress, n o n d eNgU
r aRd eSdI sT
taB
nc.eC
s Oa c cumulate in the cesll.
x1 x1 x1
x 1
x1 x 1
x1 x1 x1
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely t
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
o be involved?
x1 x1
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular compone
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
nt is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferre
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
d?
1. Transfer RNA x1
2. Ribosomal RNA x1
3. Double helix of DNA x1 x1 x1
4. Mitochondrial DNA x1
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, st
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
eep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Cellular hypoxia x1
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema x1
15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases x1 x1 x1 x1
, 2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
x1 x1 x1 x1
3. The presence of nucleotides
x1 x1 x1
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
16. Howx 1 x1 many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. x 1 x 1 2
2. x 1 x 1 3
3. x 1 x 1 4
4. x 1 x 1 5
17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids x1
3. Fatty acids x1
4. Phosphates
18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell x1 x1 x1 x1
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNAx1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is t
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
he mechanism of action of the drug?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. It prevents the replicatio
x1 x1 x1
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. In the ribosomes x1 x1
2. In the Golgi apparatus x1 x1 x1
3. In the secretory granules
x1 x1 x1
4. In the endoplasmic reticulum
x1 x1 x1
21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus x1
4. Endoplasmic reticulum x1
Multiple Response
x1
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Microtubules are solid. x1 x1
2. Microtubules are flexible. x1 x1
3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin. x1 x1 x1 x1
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
Multiple Choice
x1
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the ce
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
ll compartment. x1
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in t
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
wo potassium ions. x1 x1
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x
in the presence of oxygen?
1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid x1 x1 x1
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A x1 x1 x1
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. 2 x 1 x 1
2. 3 x 1 x 1
3. 34 x 1 x 1
4. 53 x 1 x 1
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids x1
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids x1
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress x1 x1 x1
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. During a severe hypoxic state x1 x1 x1 x1
4. During the processing of prohormone x1 x1 x1 x1
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretory vesicles x1
, 4. Endoplasmic reticula x1
x 1 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Actin and myosin x1 x1
2. Prohormone and tubulin x1 x1
3. Tubulin and actin x1 x1
4. Myosin and prohormone x1 x1
x 1 9. x 1 Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes x1
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Accumulation of ganglioside x1 x1
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis x1 x1 x1 x1
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity x1 x1 x1 x1
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded. x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. During ER stress, n o n d eNgU
r aRd eSdI sT
taB
nc.eC
s Oa c cumulate in the cesll.
x1 x1 x1
x 1
x1 x 1
x1 x1 x1
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely t
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
o be involved?
x1 x1
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular compone
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
nt is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferre
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
d?
1. Transfer RNA x1
2. Ribosomal RNA x1
3. Double helix of DNA x1 x1 x1
4. Mitochondrial DNA x1
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, st
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
eep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Cellular hypoxia x1
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema x1
15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases x1 x1 x1 x1
, 2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
x1 x1 x1 x1
3. The presence of nucleotides
x1 x1 x1
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
16. Howx 1 x1 many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. x 1 x 1 2
2. x 1 x 1 3
3. x 1 x 1 4
4. x 1 x 1 5
17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids x1
3. Fatty acids x1
4. Phosphates
18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell x1 x1 x1 x1
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNAx1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is t
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
he mechanism of action of the drug?
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. It prevents the replicatio
x1 x1 x1
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. In the ribosomes x1 x1
2. In the Golgi apparatus x1 x1 x1
3. In the secretory granules
x1 x1 x1
4. In the endoplasmic reticulum
x1 x1 x1
21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus x1
4. Endoplasmic reticulum x1
Multiple Response
x1
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
x 1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x1
1. Microtubules are solid. x1 x1
2. Microtubules are flexible. x1 x1
3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin. x1 x1 x1 x1
