UCLA EMT - CARDIOLOGY EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Describe the blood flow through the heart, including the chambers, pulmonary
circulation, and valves. - ....ANSWER ...-First, the deoxygenated blood
enters the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava. The deoxygenated
blood then fills up in the right atrium. The tricuspid valve opens allowing the
blood to fill up the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contracts, the
pulmonary valve opens and the deoxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary
artery and goes to the lungs. In the lungs, the CO2 in the blood exchanges with the
O2 in the alveoli and the blood becomes oxygenated. The blood then returns to
the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. The mitral valve opens
and the left ventricle is filled with oxygenated blood. When the ventricle contracts,
the blood goes through the aortic valve and into the aorta as it supplies oxygenated
blood to the rest of the body.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
, List the layers of the heart tissue. - ....ANSWER ...-The inner lining is called
the endocardium. The muscle layer is called the myocardium. Outside of the
myocardium is the epicardium. The outermost layer is called the pericardium.
Explain the steps in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) including the
parameters for chest compressions and ventilation in adults, children, and infants. -
....ANSWER ...-Make sure that your scene is safe. Determine responsiveness
by tapping adults and children on their shoulders, and flicking the bottom of
infants' feet. Activate EMS and have someone get an AED. If you are by yourself,
first do 5 cycles of CPR before going to get an AED. Check for breathing and
pulse for 5-10 seconds on the carotid artery for adults/children and brachial artery
for children/infants. For pulseless adults, start CPR right away. For pediatric
patients with pulse of less than 60bpm, start CPR. For adults and children, the first
thing to do is restore circulation by performing chest compressions to circulate
blood to the vital organs of the body. The ratio should be 30 high-quality
compressions to a depth of 2 to 2.4 inches at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions
per minute with a head tilt chin lift and 2 rescue breaths via BVM over 1 second
each while looking for chest rise. For infants, place them on a firm surface and
have something under their shoulder blades to keep them in a sniffing position to
keep their airway open. Place your hands on the sides of the baby and wrap your
fingers around them with your thumbs on the middle of their chest on their nipple
line. Compress the sternum at least one-third of their body depth and at a rate of
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
STUDY GUIDE 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Describe the blood flow through the heart, including the chambers, pulmonary
circulation, and valves. - ....ANSWER ...-First, the deoxygenated blood
enters the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava. The deoxygenated
blood then fills up in the right atrium. The tricuspid valve opens allowing the
blood to fill up the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contracts, the
pulmonary valve opens and the deoxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary
artery and goes to the lungs. In the lungs, the CO2 in the blood exchanges with the
O2 in the alveoli and the blood becomes oxygenated. The blood then returns to
the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. The mitral valve opens
and the left ventricle is filled with oxygenated blood. When the ventricle contracts,
the blood goes through the aortic valve and into the aorta as it supplies oxygenated
blood to the rest of the body.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
, List the layers of the heart tissue. - ....ANSWER ...-The inner lining is called
the endocardium. The muscle layer is called the myocardium. Outside of the
myocardium is the epicardium. The outermost layer is called the pericardium.
Explain the steps in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) including the
parameters for chest compressions and ventilation in adults, children, and infants. -
....ANSWER ...-Make sure that your scene is safe. Determine responsiveness
by tapping adults and children on their shoulders, and flicking the bottom of
infants' feet. Activate EMS and have someone get an AED. If you are by yourself,
first do 5 cycles of CPR before going to get an AED. Check for breathing and
pulse for 5-10 seconds on the carotid artery for adults/children and brachial artery
for children/infants. For pulseless adults, start CPR right away. For pediatric
patients with pulse of less than 60bpm, start CPR. For adults and children, the first
thing to do is restore circulation by performing chest compressions to circulate
blood to the vital organs of the body. The ratio should be 30 high-quality
compressions to a depth of 2 to 2.4 inches at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions
per minute with a head tilt chin lift and 2 rescue breaths via BVM over 1 second
each while looking for chest rise. For infants, place them on a firm surface and
have something under their shoulder blades to keep them in a sniffing position to
keep their airway open. Place your hands on the sides of the baby and wrap your
fingers around them with your thumbs on the middle of their chest on their nipple
line. Compress the sternum at least one-third of their body depth and at a rate of
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
