LSU SOCL 2001 EXAM 1.

LSU SOCL 2001 EXAM 1 (CHAPTERS 1
& 2)


Sociology55-55answer---55The55study55of55human55society
-
55Assumes55that55human55actions55are55*patterned*55and55can55be55explained55partly55
by55social55forces

Sociological55Imagination55-55answer---55Coined55by55*C.55Wright55Mills*
-
55The55ability55to55connect55the55most55basic,55intimate55aspects55of55an55individual's55lif
e55to55seemingly55impersonal55and55remote55historical55forces

Social55institution55-55answer---
55A55complex55group55of55*interdependent*55positions55that,55together,55preform55a55soc
ial55role55and55reproduce55themselves55over55time
-
55Networks55or55structures55in55society55that55work55to55socialize55the55groups55of55peop
le55within55them

Social55identity55-55answer---
55The55way55individuals55define55themselves55in55relationship55to55groups55they55are55a5
5part55of55(or55in55relationship55to55groups55they55choose55not55to55be55a55part55of)


Auguste55Comte55-55answer---55Recognized55as55the55*father55of55sociology*
-
55Believed55that55society55could55be55studied55*scientifically*,55called55*social55physics*5
5or55*positivism*
-55Famous55works:55*Positive55Philosophy*

Positivist55sociology55-55answer---
55A55strain55within55sociology55that55believes55the55social55world55can55be55described55a
nd55predicted55by55certain55observable55relationships

Harriet55Martineau55-55answer---55One55of55the55*earliest55feminist55social55scientists*
-55Translated55Comte's55work55to55English
-
55Took55on55the55*institution55of55marriage*,55claiming55that55is55was55based55on55the55a
ssumption55of55inferiority55of55women

, -
55Famous55works:55*How55to55Observe55Morals55and55Manners,55Theory55and55Practice
55of55Society55in55America*


Karl55Marx55-55answer---
55Theory55of55*historical55materialism*,55which55identifies55class55conflict55as55the55prim
ary55cause55of55social55change
-55"From55each55according55to55his55abilities,55to55each55according55to55his55needs"
-55Alternative55to55capitalism
-55Famous55works:55*The55Communist55Manifesto,55Capital*

Max55Weber55-55answer---
55Emphasis55on55subjectivity55became55a55foundation55of55interpretive55sociology
-55Humans55act55on55the55basis55of55their55own55understanding55of55the55situation
-55Developed55*verstehen*
-55Famous55works:55*Economy55and55Society*

Verstehen55-55answer---
55Understanding55the55social55behavior55by55putting55oneself55in55the55place55of55others


Emile55Durkheim55-55answer---55Positivist55sociology
-
55Developed55theory55that55division55of55labor55helps55to55determine55how55social55cohe
sion55is55maintained,55or55not55maintained,55in55that55society
-55Coined55term55*anomie*
-
55Famous55works:55*The55Division55of55Labor55in55Society,55The55Elementary55forms55of
55Religious55Life,55Suicide*


Anomie55-55answer---
55A55sense55of55aimlessness55or55despair55that55arises55when55we55can55no55longer55re
asonably55expect55life55to55be55predictable,55normlessness

Georg55Simmel55-55answer---
55*Formal55sociology*,55or55a55sociology55of55pure55numbers
-55Small55group55interactions,55network55theory
-55Famous55works:55*The55Philosophy55of55Money,55The55Stranger,55On55Secrecy*

American55sociology55-55answer---55Became55prominent55at55University55of55Chicago
-55Perspective55that55emerged55became55known55as55the55*"Chicago55School"*

Chicago55School55-55answer---
55Focused55on55the55*empirical55research*,55with55the55belief55that55people's55behaviors
55and55personalities55are55shaped55by55their55*social*55and55*physical*55environments


Chicago55thinkers55-55answer---55Charles55Horton55Cooley