Exam (elaborations) PADI open water

Primary dive skill Return safely Secondary dive skill Anything beyond returning safely Four central dive skills [GHSTS] Good habits Situational awareness Task loading Secondary objectives desire 3 dive skill effects [DSIRE] Make dives: efficien t Reduce risk Integrate with other skills Biggest mistake involving secondary objectives Forgetting they are secondary Situational awareness What's going on around you How it affects you The 3 actions of situational awareness Analyzi ng organizi ng filtering what your senses perceive Primary goals of gas management Don't run out Keep a reserve For basic divisions of gas Outboun d Return Ascent Reserve 7/12/25, 8:37 PM 2/1 2 Outbound gas -descend -carry out secondary objective Return gas Return to assent point Ascent gas Ascend Safety stop Exit Reserve gas Problems/emergencies 3 SPG [TARget]pressures Turn Ascent Reserve Conditions that can make surfacing undesirable Chop current Tech decompression Overhead environment When finding yourself lower on gas than desired and surfacing isn't the best option Slow down Ascend to a shallower level Ascend No stop time points No stop time remaining Ascending well within no stop limits Environment awareness Changes : wave /current/ surge direction density (water) visibility temperature aquatic life Equipment awareness Operati on Fit Accessories Hazard's awareness Dive planning Unexpected hazards Degree of hazard E.g. How many jellyfish? PRPD for depth awareness Present depth Rate and direction of change physical barrier -descending too far Navigation orientation and location Where you are/were/going Bee line to ascent point 7/12/25, 8:37 PM 3/1 2 Buddy status (LiCS) Location Communicatio n safety Buddy safety concerns Gas Hazard s Therma l secondary objective Awareness 2ndary obj. stays secondary When to quit the secondary Task Loading DSC Dive 1st Situation 2nd Communicate 3rd Situational awareness goes from.... ..inward to outward Under stress thinking becomes what ? Slow and impaired S.M.R.T.B.D habits Safety checks Mask on Regulator Breathing Buoyancy Turn with time Dive within your limits underwater navigation reduces (c.a.b.s) confusion anxiety buddy loss surface marathons two parts of navigation where you're headed how far you've gone distance estimation [K.E.C.] kick cycles elapsed time cylinder pressure natural navigation observations in the environment predive observations [W.O.o.D.S.] water motion objects/formation s depth finder sun direction/ angle descend oriented to... your travel direction 7/12/25, 8:37 PM 4/1 2 natural references [flights of the ray] light/shado w water movement composition contour plants/anim als sound dive compass features [spit bit] dampened response direction at tilt degree numbers readable in low light lubber lines bezel lubber line your travel direction compass use tips [I STRUT N U NAP] intentional error on long distance share responsibilities trust the compass remember priority understand limits take time natural references use patterns navigate around obstacles allow for current practice on land sharing nav responsibilities compass buddy/depth buddy nav patterns out and back lines squares/rectangle s triangles circles out and back line straight line out same line back 7/12/25, 8:37 PM 5/1 2 setting reciprocal course follow compass on single heading At turn point, turn bezel 180 degrees turn until needle is within index marks t pattern navigation [SVSMOR] small patterns agree on pattern with buddy visualize pattern (embodied simulation) surface and check position periodically move slow one pattern buddy remember heading around obstacles transponder nav emits signal from boat picked up by dive instruments max depth of deep dives 40 meters/130ft minimum for deep dives 18 meters/60 feet depth limit factors enviro conditions physical/mental state previous dives distance to assistance dive buddy's training deep dive objectives should be... simple with singular task "suitable" deep dive gear good working order appropriate for the environment "optimal" deep dive gear superior performance at deeper depths