ANTH 311 FINAL REVIEW || QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT!!
what do we learn about humans and the human phenomenon by studying non-human
primates correct answers- to understand variation in social system
- to understand human behavior and variation today
- to analyze derived traits - how they evolve
- to understand early humans behavior (baboons and chimps used as referential model)
what is sexual dimorphism correct answersdistinct difference in size or appearance between
the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves.
ex. canine size are larger in males - due to aggressive competition over access to mates
what is a social relationships correct answersthings such as age, sex, rank and kinship all play
into how we interact among individuals and that affects the nature, quality and patterning of
interactions that forms relationships between individual
how do we measure the quality of a relationship in chimpanzees correct answers- party
association index
- proximity
- grooming
- party assoc is the highest in male-male relationships, same with the other cat
what is a estrous female correct answerswhen they are swelling on their vaginal area showing
that they are sexually ready for a mate
- higher measures of quality factors in these women then in anestrous
what has the male-female relationships evolved into correct answersits become less
aggressive and have grown a bond after the split with chimps
they are now;
- sexual
- parenting
- economic
- emotional
when did primates arise correct answers65 million years ago
when did humans split off correct answers25 million years ago
what is adaptive radiation correct answers-the evolutionary process by which a species
diversifies to occupy different ecological niches
- leads to speciation and organisms become differentiated from one another and their
common ancestors
- due to lack of competition and developing new niches
what are characteristics of primates correct answersprimarily tropical, tree dwelling
(arboreal) mammals with excellent visual systems
- grasping extremities
- big brains
, - slow life histories
what are some characteristics of plesiadapiforms correct answers- very old primates
- diverse group of primate-like mammals
- found in NA, Europe and Asia
- have long, grasping digits but most have nails not claws
- sister group to living primates, not ancestors
who are thought to be the origin of the primate correct answers- Scandentia (Order); Tree
Shrews
- Dermoptera (order); flying lemurs
who belongs under primate order correct answers- lemurs and lorises
- tarsiers
- new world monkeys
- old world monkeys
- apes
what are some characteristics of primates when it comes to locomotion correct answers- they
have a generalized limb structure; pentadatyly (having 5 digits on both limbs)
- have fingerprints
- grasping extremities;
- nails rather than claws; callitrichines have claws
what are classified under callitrichids correct answerstamarins and marmosets
what are characteristics of primates related sensory adaptations correct answersenhanced
visual apparatus (high visual acuity)
- forwards facing eyes, stereoscopic vision (overlapping visual fields)
- adapted for life in complex 3d habitat
- reduced reliance on olfaction
- orbits are enclosed by bone
primates characteristics related the slow life history correct answers- small litters, lots of
parental care, slow development, long lifespans
characteristics related to bigger brains correct answers- larger brain relative to body size
compared to other mammals
- big neocortex; responsible for cognitive abilities such as reasoning, link between sociality,
learning and large size
what implications can be make from the primate's brain size correct answersas a group, they
have long periods of post-natal care
- high reliance on social learning
characteristics related to dental adaptation correct answers- generalized dental patterns
- related to omnivore
- heterodont
- 32-36 teeth but some dental specialization
ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT!!
what do we learn about humans and the human phenomenon by studying non-human
primates correct answers- to understand variation in social system
- to understand human behavior and variation today
- to analyze derived traits - how they evolve
- to understand early humans behavior (baboons and chimps used as referential model)
what is sexual dimorphism correct answersdistinct difference in size or appearance between
the sexes of an animal in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves.
ex. canine size are larger in males - due to aggressive competition over access to mates
what is a social relationships correct answersthings such as age, sex, rank and kinship all play
into how we interact among individuals and that affects the nature, quality and patterning of
interactions that forms relationships between individual
how do we measure the quality of a relationship in chimpanzees correct answers- party
association index
- proximity
- grooming
- party assoc is the highest in male-male relationships, same with the other cat
what is a estrous female correct answerswhen they are swelling on their vaginal area showing
that they are sexually ready for a mate
- higher measures of quality factors in these women then in anestrous
what has the male-female relationships evolved into correct answersits become less
aggressive and have grown a bond after the split with chimps
they are now;
- sexual
- parenting
- economic
- emotional
when did primates arise correct answers65 million years ago
when did humans split off correct answers25 million years ago
what is adaptive radiation correct answers-the evolutionary process by which a species
diversifies to occupy different ecological niches
- leads to speciation and organisms become differentiated from one another and their
common ancestors
- due to lack of competition and developing new niches
what are characteristics of primates correct answersprimarily tropical, tree dwelling
(arboreal) mammals with excellent visual systems
- grasping extremities
- big brains
, - slow life histories
what are some characteristics of plesiadapiforms correct answers- very old primates
- diverse group of primate-like mammals
- found in NA, Europe and Asia
- have long, grasping digits but most have nails not claws
- sister group to living primates, not ancestors
who are thought to be the origin of the primate correct answers- Scandentia (Order); Tree
Shrews
- Dermoptera (order); flying lemurs
who belongs under primate order correct answers- lemurs and lorises
- tarsiers
- new world monkeys
- old world monkeys
- apes
what are some characteristics of primates when it comes to locomotion correct answers- they
have a generalized limb structure; pentadatyly (having 5 digits on both limbs)
- have fingerprints
- grasping extremities;
- nails rather than claws; callitrichines have claws
what are classified under callitrichids correct answerstamarins and marmosets
what are characteristics of primates related sensory adaptations correct answersenhanced
visual apparatus (high visual acuity)
- forwards facing eyes, stereoscopic vision (overlapping visual fields)
- adapted for life in complex 3d habitat
- reduced reliance on olfaction
- orbits are enclosed by bone
primates characteristics related the slow life history correct answers- small litters, lots of
parental care, slow development, long lifespans
characteristics related to bigger brains correct answers- larger brain relative to body size
compared to other mammals
- big neocortex; responsible for cognitive abilities such as reasoning, link between sociality,
learning and large size
what implications can be make from the primate's brain size correct answersas a group, they
have long periods of post-natal care
- high reliance on social learning
characteristics related to dental adaptation correct answers- generalized dental patterns
- related to omnivore
- heterodont
- 32-36 teeth but some dental specialization
