BIO 100 EXAM 3 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Vertebrate - ....ANSWER ...-Vertebrates have a backbone made of bony
vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord, along with mineralized connective tissue
(bone) and other features like paired fins and a dorsal nerve cord.
Jawless fishes - ....ANSWER ...-The two jawless fish groups are Myxini
(hagfish) and Petromyzontida (lampreys).
Hagfish slime - ....ANSWER ...-Hagfish slime expands rapidly and is
extremely strong and flexible, inspiring bio-materials like kevlar and shark defense
technologies.
Lampreys impact on Great Lakes - ....ANSWER ...-Parasitic sea lampreys
have caused significant damage by sucking blood from fish, leading to
overpopulation issues and fishery declines in the Great Lakes.
Class Chondrichthyes - ....ANSWER ...-Chondrichthyes are cartilaginous
fishes including sharks, skates, rays, and ratfish. The name means 'cartilage fish'.
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, Elasmobranchs - ....ANSWER ...-Elasmobranchs include sharks (~400
species) and skates & rays (~500 species), primarily marine and quite diverse.
Shark liver - ....ANSWER ...-The large, oily liver aids in buoyancy since
sharks lack swim bladders.
Shark scales - ....ANSWER ...-Sharks have placoid scales, which are
mineralized dermal tissues, rough and tooth-like.
Shark teeth - ....ANSWER ...-Shark teeth form from skin as whorls and are
not embedded in jawbones, unlike other vertebrates whose teeth develop in
jawbones.
Shark nostrils and tapetum lucidum - ....ANSWER ...-Nostrils detect
chemical cues in water (smell). The tapetum lucidum is a reflective layer behind the
retina that enhances vision in low light.
Lateral line system - ....ANSWER ...-It detects low-frequency water
vibrations (mechanoreception). Also found in ray-finned fishes, lobe-finned fishes,
and aquatic amphibians.
Electroreception in sharks - ....ANSWER ...-To detect electrical fields from
prey muscle contractions and navigate by sensing water temperature differences.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
AND ANSWERS
Vertebrate - ....ANSWER ...-Vertebrates have a backbone made of bony
vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord, along with mineralized connective tissue
(bone) and other features like paired fins and a dorsal nerve cord.
Jawless fishes - ....ANSWER ...-The two jawless fish groups are Myxini
(hagfish) and Petromyzontida (lampreys).
Hagfish slime - ....ANSWER ...-Hagfish slime expands rapidly and is
extremely strong and flexible, inspiring bio-materials like kevlar and shark defense
technologies.
Lampreys impact on Great Lakes - ....ANSWER ...-Parasitic sea lampreys
have caused significant damage by sucking blood from fish, leading to
overpopulation issues and fishery declines in the Great Lakes.
Class Chondrichthyes - ....ANSWER ...-Chondrichthyes are cartilaginous
fishes including sharks, skates, rays, and ratfish. The name means 'cartilage fish'.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
, Elasmobranchs - ....ANSWER ...-Elasmobranchs include sharks (~400
species) and skates & rays (~500 species), primarily marine and quite diverse.
Shark liver - ....ANSWER ...-The large, oily liver aids in buoyancy since
sharks lack swim bladders.
Shark scales - ....ANSWER ...-Sharks have placoid scales, which are
mineralized dermal tissues, rough and tooth-like.
Shark teeth - ....ANSWER ...-Shark teeth form from skin as whorls and are
not embedded in jawbones, unlike other vertebrates whose teeth develop in
jawbones.
Shark nostrils and tapetum lucidum - ....ANSWER ...-Nostrils detect
chemical cues in water (smell). The tapetum lucidum is a reflective layer behind the
retina that enhances vision in low light.
Lateral line system - ....ANSWER ...-It detects low-frequency water
vibrations (mechanoreception). Also found in ray-finned fishes, lobe-finned fishes,
and aquatic amphibians.
Electroreception in sharks - ....ANSWER ...-To detect electrical fields from
prey muscle contractions and navigate by sensing water temperature differences.
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
