HESI Biology - Basics, Water, and
Molecules Exam Q&A
4 most important molecules to biology? - ANSWER-Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,
Nucleic Acids
Structure of Carbs? - ANSWER-Long chains AKA polymers
Most important purposes of Carbs? - ANSWER-Storage, Structure, Energy
Specific types of Lipids? - ANSWER-Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, Steroids
Two categories of fatty acids? - ANSWER-Saturated and unsaturated
Difference between saturated and unsaturated structurally? - ANSWER-Saturated
have no double bonds unsaturated have one or more double bonds.
State of saturated fats and unsaturated fats at room temp? - ANSWER-sat-Solid
unsat- Liquid
Structure of phospholipids? - ANSWER-Two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
Importance of the way phospholipids form? - ANSWER-Create barrier to protect the
cell.
Importance of steroids? - ANSWER-Precursor to many significant hormones.
What are the most significant contributors to cellular function? - ANSWER-Proteins
What are amino acids? - ANSWER-20 molecules creating a polymer called protein.
What is the largest of the biological molecules? - ANSWER-Proteins.
What are enzymes? - ANSWER-Particular proteins that act to catalyze different
reactions.
What are nucleic acids? - ANSWER-Components of the molecules of inheritance.
What is DNA? - ANSWER-Contains code that is necessary for replication.
What is RNA? - ANSWER-Used in transfer and as a messenger of genetic code.
What is Metabolism? - ANSWER-Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an
organism.
What are all the reactions of metabolism catalyzed by? - ANSWER-Enzymes.
Molecules Exam Q&A
4 most important molecules to biology? - ANSWER-Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,
Nucleic Acids
Structure of Carbs? - ANSWER-Long chains AKA polymers
Most important purposes of Carbs? - ANSWER-Storage, Structure, Energy
Specific types of Lipids? - ANSWER-Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, Steroids
Two categories of fatty acids? - ANSWER-Saturated and unsaturated
Difference between saturated and unsaturated structurally? - ANSWER-Saturated
have no double bonds unsaturated have one or more double bonds.
State of saturated fats and unsaturated fats at room temp? - ANSWER-sat-Solid
unsat- Liquid
Structure of phospholipids? - ANSWER-Two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
Importance of the way phospholipids form? - ANSWER-Create barrier to protect the
cell.
Importance of steroids? - ANSWER-Precursor to many significant hormones.
What are the most significant contributors to cellular function? - ANSWER-Proteins
What are amino acids? - ANSWER-20 molecules creating a polymer called protein.
What is the largest of the biological molecules? - ANSWER-Proteins.
What are enzymes? - ANSWER-Particular proteins that act to catalyze different
reactions.
What are nucleic acids? - ANSWER-Components of the molecules of inheritance.
What is DNA? - ANSWER-Contains code that is necessary for replication.
What is RNA? - ANSWER-Used in transfer and as a messenger of genetic code.
What is Metabolism? - ANSWER-Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an
organism.
What are all the reactions of metabolism catalyzed by? - ANSWER-Enzymes.
