ASCP Molecular Biology Exam Prep
Questions With Correct Answers
Pyrimidine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-one |carbon |ring
Cytosine, |Thymine, |Uracil
Purine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-two |carbon |rings
Adenine, |Guanine
How |are |nucleotides |joined |together? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-condensation
What |does |mRNA |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carries |code |out |of |cell. |
code |for |protein |structure. |
DNA |to |ribosomes
end |of |transcription |start |of |translation
What |does |tRNA |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-decodes |mRNA. |Matches |amino |acids |to |mRNA |
code. |Protein |synthesis
What |does |rRNA |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-part |of |ribosome |structure
most |abundant |RNA
coordinated |coupling |of |tRNA |to |mRNA |codons
Feedback |Inhibition |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-end |product |of |pathway |is |noncompetitive |
inhibitor
binds |to |allosteric |site |to |slow |down |rxn |b/c |too |much |product
,Exonucleases |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-degrades |nucleic |acids |by |removing |one |terminal |
nucleotide |at |a |time
cleaves |phosphodiester |bond |at |end |of |chain
5' |---> |3' |and |3' |---> |5'
Endonucleases |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cleaves |phoshpodiester |bonds |w/in |chain
recognition |site |is |palindromic |sequence
cleaves |unevenly, |leaves |sticky |ends
(restriction |enzymes)
DNA |polymerase |III |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-copies |DNA |by |reading |existing |strand, |builds |new
|comp. |strand
always |adds |to |3' |end
can't |start |new |strand |on |its |own |(ORI |sites)
ORI |sites |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-origin |of |replication |on |chromosome
triggers |DNA |replication
gyrase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-unwinds |DNA |in |front |of |fork
DNA |polymerase |I |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-removes |RNA |nucleotides |form |RNA |primers |and |
replaces |with |DNA |
(makes |sure |primers |that |start |replication |are |removed)
helicase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-breaks |H-bonds |of |double |helix
, topoisomerase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-breaks/ |reseals |DNA |backbone |to |release |tension |
caused |by |twisting
(DNA |gyrase)
primase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-(RNA |pol)
primers, |small |RNA, |serves |as |starting |points |for |copying |DNA |
helper |enzyme |for |DNA |pol |III
single-strand |DNA-binding |proteins |(SSBPs) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-hold |DNA |open |during |
replication
Okazaki |fragments |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-lagging |strand
3' |---> |5'
away |from |fork
DNA |pol |III |adds, |DNA |ligase |closes |gaps
Ligase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-closes |gaps |in |DNA
forms |covalent |bonds |b/w |nucleotides, |3' |end |of |new |DNA |to |5' |end |of |growing |chain
What |are |the |steps |in |DNA |replication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Initiate
2. |Elongate
3. |Terminate
Telomers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cap |ends |of |chromosome |during |replication |to |preserve |
DNA
-10 |box |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-TATA |box |(TATAAT)
Questions With Correct Answers
Pyrimidine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-one |carbon |ring
Cytosine, |Thymine, |Uracil
Purine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-two |carbon |rings
Adenine, |Guanine
How |are |nucleotides |joined |together? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-condensation
What |does |mRNA |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carries |code |out |of |cell. |
code |for |protein |structure. |
DNA |to |ribosomes
end |of |transcription |start |of |translation
What |does |tRNA |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-decodes |mRNA. |Matches |amino |acids |to |mRNA |
code. |Protein |synthesis
What |does |rRNA |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-part |of |ribosome |structure
most |abundant |RNA
coordinated |coupling |of |tRNA |to |mRNA |codons
Feedback |Inhibition |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-end |product |of |pathway |is |noncompetitive |
inhibitor
binds |to |allosteric |site |to |slow |down |rxn |b/c |too |much |product
,Exonucleases |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-degrades |nucleic |acids |by |removing |one |terminal |
nucleotide |at |a |time
cleaves |phosphodiester |bond |at |end |of |chain
5' |---> |3' |and |3' |---> |5'
Endonucleases |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cleaves |phoshpodiester |bonds |w/in |chain
recognition |site |is |palindromic |sequence
cleaves |unevenly, |leaves |sticky |ends
(restriction |enzymes)
DNA |polymerase |III |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-copies |DNA |by |reading |existing |strand, |builds |new
|comp. |strand
always |adds |to |3' |end
can't |start |new |strand |on |its |own |(ORI |sites)
ORI |sites |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-origin |of |replication |on |chromosome
triggers |DNA |replication
gyrase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-unwinds |DNA |in |front |of |fork
DNA |polymerase |I |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-removes |RNA |nucleotides |form |RNA |primers |and |
replaces |with |DNA |
(makes |sure |primers |that |start |replication |are |removed)
helicase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-breaks |H-bonds |of |double |helix
, topoisomerase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-breaks/ |reseals |DNA |backbone |to |release |tension |
caused |by |twisting
(DNA |gyrase)
primase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-(RNA |pol)
primers, |small |RNA, |serves |as |starting |points |for |copying |DNA |
helper |enzyme |for |DNA |pol |III
single-strand |DNA-binding |proteins |(SSBPs) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-hold |DNA |open |during |
replication
Okazaki |fragments |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-lagging |strand
3' |---> |5'
away |from |fork
DNA |pol |III |adds, |DNA |ligase |closes |gaps
Ligase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-closes |gaps |in |DNA
forms |covalent |bonds |b/w |nucleotides, |3' |end |of |new |DNA |to |5' |end |of |growing |chain
What |are |the |steps |in |DNA |replication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Initiate
2. |Elongate
3. |Terminate
Telomers |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cap |ends |of |chromosome |during |replication |to |preserve |
DNA
-10 |box |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-TATA |box |(TATAAT)
