HESI A2 Biology Exam Questions
with Verified Answers
Water is a good solvent because - ANSWER-substances, particularly with polar ions
and molecules, readily dissolve in water.
Macromolecules - ANSWER-A very large organic molecule composed of many
smaller molecules
they play an important role in cell structure and function
The four basic organic macromolecules produced by anabolic reactions are -
ANSWER-1. carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
2 .nucleic acids
3. proteins
4.lipids
nucleic acids - ANSWER-Nucleic acids are the biopolymers, or small biomolecules,
essential to all known forms of life. The term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA
and RNA. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of
three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
proteins - ANSWER-any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of
large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an
essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body
tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
four basic building blocks involved in catabolic reactions - ANSWER-1.
monosaccharides (glucose)
2. amino acids
3.fatty acids (glycerol)
4. nucleotides
carbohydrates - ANSWER-are the primary source of energy and are responsible for
providing energy as they can be easily converted to glucose. it is the oxidation of
carbohydrates that provides the cells with most of their energy.
Glucose can be further broken down by respiration or fermentation by glycolysis.
They are involved in the metabolic energy cycles of photosynthesis and respiration.
Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hyrdrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates are broken down into sugars or glucose.
The simple sugars can be grouped into monosaccharides and disaccharides.
,Monosaccharides - ANSWER-Single sugar molecules
glucose, fructose, galactose
amino acids - ANSWER-building blocks of proteins
fatty acids and glycerol - ANSWER-Monomers or building blocks of lipids are ____.
Nucleotides are composed of - ANSWER-pentose sugar, nitrogenous base,
phosphate group
anabolic reaction - ANSWER-is one that builds larger and more complex molecules
(macromolecules)
anabolic reactions require energy
catabolic reaction - ANSWER-any chemical reaction that breaks down complex
molecules into simpler molecules.
catabolic reactions release energy
Monomer - ANSWER-A simple compound whose molecules can join together to
form polymers
Polymers - ANSWER-large compound formed from combinations of many
monomers
Lipids - ANSWER-are molecules that are soluable in nonpolar solvents but they are
hydrophobic meaning they do not bond well with water or mix well with water
solutions. Lipids have numerous C-H bonds.
The major roles of lipids include energy storage and structural functions.
Examples of lipids include fats, phospholipids, steroids and waxes.
Triglycerides - ANSWER-an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of
glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.
fatty acids - ANSWER-are chains with reduced carbon at one end an a carboxylic
acid group at the other.
Phospholipids - ANSWER-are lipids that have a phosphate group instead of a fatty
acid.
Glycerides - ANSWER-fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule (fat and Oil)
steroids - ANSWER-lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four
fused rings
, Glycerol - ANSWER-a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each
carbon
waxes - ANSWER-A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an
alcohol; functions as a waterproof coating on many biological surfaces such as
apples and other fruits.
Oils - ANSWER-lipids that are liquid at room temperature
Proteins - ANSWER-are macro molecules formed from amino acids.
They are polypeptides, which consist of many peptides linked together. The peptide
connections are the result of condensation reactions.
Amino acids are formed by the partial hydrolysis of protein which form an amide
bond. This partial hydrolysis involves an amine group and a carboxylic acid group,
an amine group a central carbon atom between them with an attached hydrogen and
an attached R group which is different for different amino acids.
It is the R group that determines the properties of the protein.
polypeptides - ANSWER-polymers of amino acids
condensation reaction - ANSWER-a chemical reaction in which two or more
molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule
hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER-A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger
molecule by adding a molecule of water
peptide - ANSWER-Short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
amide bond - ANSWER-Between carboxylic acids and amines. Important peptide
bonds that build proteins from amino acids.
carboxylic acid group - ANSWER-A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that
contains a carboxyl group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, with
R referring to the rest of the molecule. Carboxylic acids occur widely and include the
amino acids and acetic acid.
Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. Each amino acid has the
same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, also known as
the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH),
and to a hydrogen atom.
central carbon atom - ANSWER-Amino acids are the monomers that make up
proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a
central carbon atom, also known as the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group
(NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom.
with Verified Answers
Water is a good solvent because - ANSWER-substances, particularly with polar ions
and molecules, readily dissolve in water.
Macromolecules - ANSWER-A very large organic molecule composed of many
smaller molecules
they play an important role in cell structure and function
The four basic organic macromolecules produced by anabolic reactions are -
ANSWER-1. carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
2 .nucleic acids
3. proteins
4.lipids
nucleic acids - ANSWER-Nucleic acids are the biopolymers, or small biomolecules,
essential to all known forms of life. The term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA
and RNA. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of
three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
proteins - ANSWER-any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of
large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an
essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body
tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
four basic building blocks involved in catabolic reactions - ANSWER-1.
monosaccharides (glucose)
2. amino acids
3.fatty acids (glycerol)
4. nucleotides
carbohydrates - ANSWER-are the primary source of energy and are responsible for
providing energy as they can be easily converted to glucose. it is the oxidation of
carbohydrates that provides the cells with most of their energy.
Glucose can be further broken down by respiration or fermentation by glycolysis.
They are involved in the metabolic energy cycles of photosynthesis and respiration.
Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hyrdrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates are broken down into sugars or glucose.
The simple sugars can be grouped into monosaccharides and disaccharides.
,Monosaccharides - ANSWER-Single sugar molecules
glucose, fructose, galactose
amino acids - ANSWER-building blocks of proteins
fatty acids and glycerol - ANSWER-Monomers or building blocks of lipids are ____.
Nucleotides are composed of - ANSWER-pentose sugar, nitrogenous base,
phosphate group
anabolic reaction - ANSWER-is one that builds larger and more complex molecules
(macromolecules)
anabolic reactions require energy
catabolic reaction - ANSWER-any chemical reaction that breaks down complex
molecules into simpler molecules.
catabolic reactions release energy
Monomer - ANSWER-A simple compound whose molecules can join together to
form polymers
Polymers - ANSWER-large compound formed from combinations of many
monomers
Lipids - ANSWER-are molecules that are soluable in nonpolar solvents but they are
hydrophobic meaning they do not bond well with water or mix well with water
solutions. Lipids have numerous C-H bonds.
The major roles of lipids include energy storage and structural functions.
Examples of lipids include fats, phospholipids, steroids and waxes.
Triglycerides - ANSWER-an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of
glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.
fatty acids - ANSWER-are chains with reduced carbon at one end an a carboxylic
acid group at the other.
Phospholipids - ANSWER-are lipids that have a phosphate group instead of a fatty
acid.
Glycerides - ANSWER-fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule (fat and Oil)
steroids - ANSWER-lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four
fused rings
, Glycerol - ANSWER-a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each
carbon
waxes - ANSWER-A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an
alcohol; functions as a waterproof coating on many biological surfaces such as
apples and other fruits.
Oils - ANSWER-lipids that are liquid at room temperature
Proteins - ANSWER-are macro molecules formed from amino acids.
They are polypeptides, which consist of many peptides linked together. The peptide
connections are the result of condensation reactions.
Amino acids are formed by the partial hydrolysis of protein which form an amide
bond. This partial hydrolysis involves an amine group and a carboxylic acid group,
an amine group a central carbon atom between them with an attached hydrogen and
an attached R group which is different for different amino acids.
It is the R group that determines the properties of the protein.
polypeptides - ANSWER-polymers of amino acids
condensation reaction - ANSWER-a chemical reaction in which two or more
molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule
hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER-A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger
molecule by adding a molecule of water
peptide - ANSWER-Short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
amide bond - ANSWER-Between carboxylic acids and amines. Important peptide
bonds that build proteins from amino acids.
carboxylic acid group - ANSWER-A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that
contains a carboxyl group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, with
R referring to the rest of the molecule. Carboxylic acids occur widely and include the
amino acids and acetic acid.
Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. Each amino acid has the
same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, also known as
the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH),
and to a hydrogen atom.
central carbon atom - ANSWER-Amino acids are the monomers that make up
proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a
central carbon atom, also known as the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group
(NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom.
