FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED ANSWERS 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE/GET A+

When a medication tastes bitter, the nurse should offer the child a frozen juice bar to numb the child's taste buds. Reducing the dose of the medication will not mask the bitter taste. The nurse is not authorized to replace a medication. The nurse should not mix a bitter medication into the child's food because the child may later refuse to eat the food. The primary health care provider has ordered a time-critical scheduled medication for a patient. Which action of the nurse is appropriate in this situation? 1 Administering the medication immediately 2 Administering the medication within 1 hour of the scheduled time 3 Administering the medication within 2 hours of the scheduled time 4 Administering the medication within 30 minutes of the scheduled time - 4 Time-critical scheduled medications should be given no later than 30 minutes before or after the scheduled dose. STAT medications are given once and at the time they are ordered. Medications that are not time-critical should be given within 1 to 2 hours of the scheduled dose. While assessing a patient who experienced a mild allergic reaction, the nurse observes swelling and a clear, watery discharge from the nose. Upon nasal mucosal biopsy, the nurse finds inflammation of the mucous membranes. Which allergic reaction should the nurse suspect in the patient? 1 Rash 2 Rhinitis 3 Pruritus 4 Urticaria - 2 Rhinitis is characterized by the inflammation of mucous membranes lining the nose. This inflammation causes swelling along with clear, watery discharge. Rashes are small, raised vesicles that are usually reddened and are distributed over the entire body. Pruritus is itching of the skin. It is accompanied with red rashes that are distributed over the entire body. The patient with urticaria shows raised, irregularly shaped skin eruptions of varying sizes and shapes. These eruptions have reddened margins and pale centers. Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes is seen in a patient with urticaria. Which statement is true regarding parenteral medications? 1 Parenteral medications are medicated disks absorbed slowly through the skin. 2 Parenteral medications are dissolved in a sugar solution. 3 Parenteral medications are semi-liquid suspensions that usually protect, cool, or cleanse the skin. 4 Parenteral medications are sterile preparations that contain water with one or more dissolved compounds. - 4 Parenteral medications are sterile preparations that contain water with one or more dissolved compounds. Transdermal medications are medicated disks that are slowly absorbed through the skin. Concentrated sugar solutions are medications dissolved in sugar solutions are referred to as syrup. Lotions are semi-liquid suspensions that usually protect, cool, or cleanse skin. When is the administration of an oral medication contraindicated? Select all that apply. 1 When the patient is unconscious 2 When the patient is an older adult 3 When the patient has gastric suction 4 When the patient is a 5-year-old child 5 When the patient is awaiting surgery - 1,3,5 Oral medication administration is contraindicated when a patient is unconscious, has gastric suction, or is awaiting surgery. Oral medication administration can be safely used for an older adult or a 5-year-old child. A nurse explains the steps for administering a squeeze-and-breathe metered-dose inhaler (MDI) without a spacer to a patient. Arrange the steps explained by the nurse in order. 1. Sit up, take a deep breath, and exhale 2. Shake the inhaler vigorously five or six times 3. Insert the metered-dose inhaler canister into the holder 4. Remove the mouthpiece cover from the inhaler 5. Remove the metered-dose inhaler from the mouth and exhale through pursed lips 6. Tilt the head back slightly and inhale slowly and deeply through the mouth - 3. Insert the metered-dose inhaler canister into the holder 4. Remove the mouthpiece cover from the inhaler 2. Shake the inhaler vigorously five or six times 1. Sit up, take a deep breath, and exhale 6. Tilt the head back slightly and inhale slowly and deeply through the mouth 5. Remove the metered-dose inhaler from the mouth and exhale through pursed lips First, insert the squeeze-and-breathe metered-dose inhaler (MDI) canister into the holder. Next, remove the mouthpiece cover from the inhaler. Then, shake the inhaler vigorously five or six times. Then, have the patient sit up, take a deep breath, and exhale. Next, tilt the patient's head back slightly and inhale slowly and deeply through the mouth. Then, remove the MDI from the mouth and exhale through pursed lips. The nurse is explaining to a patient about the side effects of a prescribed drug. Which terms describe side effects? Select all that apply. 1 Predictable 2 Often unavoidable 3 Occur after prolonged intake 4 Occur at usual therapeutic dose 5 Caused by defective drug excretion - 1,2,4 Every drug has a desired therapeutic effect and certain other effects that are not desired. These effects of the drug are called side effects. These effects are usually predictable and often unavoidable due to the action of the drug on the organs other than the target organ. These side effects occur at the usual therapeutic dose, and dose adjustments may have little effect. Side effects are not due to prolonged intake or defective excretion of the drug. Prolonged intake and defective excretion of the drug may cause toxic effects due to drug accumulation. Which interventions should the nurse follow while administering topical medications? Select all that apply. 1 Applying the topical medications with gloves and applicators 2 Applying each type of medication according to the directions of use 3 Using nonsterile techniques while applying medications for open wounds 4 Cleaning the skin thoroughly by washing the injured area gently with hot water 5 Documenting the location on the patient's body where the medication was placed - 1,2,5 Many locally applied medications such as lotions, pastes, and ointments create systemic and local effects. Therefore, these medications should be applied with gloves and applicators. Different types of topical medication should be applied according to the directions to ensure proper penetration and absorption. Documenting the location on the patient's body where the medication was placed will help to prevent multiple dosing in the patient. The medications should be applied using sterile techniques in the case of open wounds. Before applying medications to the injured area, the skin should be thoroughly cleaned by washing the area gently with soap and water, and ensuring the soaking of the involved site. Which statement about medication names requires correction? 1 The trademark for generic names is indicated by the superscript "TM." 2 United States Adopted Names Council approves generic names of drugs. 3 The nonproprietary name of a medication is the generic name given to the drug. 4 The Institute for Safe Medication Practices publishes a list of medications that are frequently confused with another. - The trademark for generic names is indicated by the superscript "TM." Brand names of any drug are indicated by the trademark of superscript "TM." The United States Adopted Names Council approves the generic name of the drug released into the market as the first trade name. The nonproprietary name of a medication is the generic name given to the drug. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices publishes a list of medications that are frequently confused with another medications. Using the sliding scale for insulin prescribed by the healthcare provider, 2 units of insulin is required for a blood glucose level between 150 and 200 mg/dL. The nurse finds that a patient's blood glucose level is 175 mg/dL. How much insulin should the patient be given? Record your answer using a whole number. ___ units - The correction or sliding scale of insulin is based on the patient's blood sugar levels at a given point in time. The prescribed dose of insulin for a blood glucose level of 150 to 200 mg/dL is 2 units; because the patient's level falls in that range, the patient should be given 2 units What are the clinical signs and symptoms of pruritus? 1 Itching of skin 2 Small raised vesicles over the body 3 Raised, irregularly shaped skin eruption 4 Inflammation of mucous membrane lining the nose - 1 Skin itching is the primary sign of pruritus. Raised, irregularly shaped skin eruption is referred to as a rash. Raised, irregularly shaped skin eruption is referred to as urticaria. Inflammation of mucous membrane lining the nose is a condition associated with rhinitis The nurse intends to use a medication that can give immediate relief to a patient. Which parameter of the drug should the nurse check to determine whether the drug can provide immediate relief to the patient? 1 Peak concentration 2 Onset of action 3 Plateau concentration 4 Duration of action - To provide immediate relief to the patient, a drug should have a faster onset of action. A drug with a slow onset of action may show a delayed effect. Peak concentration refers to the time taken to attain the highest effective concentration and does not provide information related to the onset of action. Plateau concentration is the plasma concentration attained and maintained after repeated fixed doses. Duration is the amount of time for which the drug produces its effect and does not provide information regarding onset of actio The patient has an order for 2 tablespoons of magnesium hydroxide. How much medication does the nurse give him or her? 1 2 mL 2 5 mL 3 16 mL 4 30 mL - 1 tablespoon = 15 mL; 2 tablespoons = 30 mL. The primary health care provider advises a patient to dissolve the prescribed drug in his mouth for a long time without swallowing. Which form of medication is prescribed for this patient? 1 Elixir 2 Capsule 3 Lozenge 4 Enteric-coated tablet - 3 Flat, round tablets that dissolve in the mouth to release medication not meant for ingestion are referred to as lozenges. Elixir contains a clear fluid with water and alcohol that is often sweetened. Medication encapsulated in a gelatin to be swallowed is referred to as a capsule. Coated tablets that dissolve in the intestine are referred to as enteric-coated tablets. A patient develops sudden onset of bronchiolar constriction, edema of pharynx and larynx, and shortness of breath following administration of a medication. Which type of allergic reaction is the patient experiencing? 1 Rhinitis 2 Medication allergy 3 Anaphylactic reaction 4 Idiosyncratic reaction - 3