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Elements in the Use of Authority
• Power – the ability to do or act
• Force – strength, intensity of effect
• Discretion – the power or right to decide or act according to one’s own judgment
• Control – to exercise restraint or direction over, dominate. the authority given to all
branches of police
• Influence
• Leadership
• Command Presence
Core Values for Law Enforcement Officers
• Integrity – uprightness of character and soundness of moral principle, absolute
truthfulness and honesty
• Fairness – freedom from prejudice or favoritism
• Respect – acknowledge the rights and values of other people
• Honesty – not lying, being trustworthy, reliable, truthful and sincere
• Courage – control under danger or fear and the ability to do what is necessary
• Compassion – understanding or sympathy for victims or suffering
Signs of Mental Illness/Disorder, Mental Health Crisis, and Abnormal Behaviors
• Mental illness – clinically significant distress in thought, emotional regulation, or
behavior
• Mental health crisis – behavioral, emotional, or psychiatric situation with reduced daily
functioning
• Abnormal behavior – violates norms, maladaptive, rare in cultural context
• Intellectual disability – significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive
behaviors
Four indicators of intellectual disability:
, 1. problems with communication
2. inability to perform simple tasks
3. features of Down syndrome
4. problems keeping up in school and following rules
• Tic disorder – sudden, rapid, recurrent, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization
• Tourette’s disorder – longer or more complex than tic disorder
• Communication disorders – speech/language difficulties not due to other disorders
• ADHD – inattentiveness and/or hyperactivity that interferes with functioning
• Excited Delirium Syndrome (ExDS) – psychotic behavior, elevated temperature,
fight/flight response
• Dementia – chronic or progressive brain deterioration
• Schizophrenia – distortion in perception of reality
• Mood disorder – depression, bipolar disorder, or both
• Stress-related disorders – acute stress disorder and PTSD
• Autism – neurodevelopmental disorder with repetitive behaviors, difficulty with
communication
National Security Strategy to Combat Terrorism
1. Defeat terrorism worldwide
2. Strengthen bio and nuclear security
3. Improve intelligence capacity and information sharing
4. Secure global digital infrastructure
5. Promote infrastructure resiliency
6. Pursue comprehensive transborder security
7. Ensure effective incident management
NTAS (National Terrorism Advisory System)
• Two tiers:
1. Imminent Threat Warning – credible, specific, and impending threat
2. Elevated Threat Alert – credible terrorist threat
911 Commission – Four Failures
1. Imagination
2. Policy
3. Capability
4. Management