NURS 612 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified By Experts| Latest Update
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Pleurisy (subjective) Sudden onset w/ chest pain when taking a deep breath or cough.
Rubbing of the pleural surfaces can be heard by the pt.
Pain may be referred to ipsilateral (same side) shoulder or may be close to the diaphragm.
Pleurisy (Objective) Pleural friction rub heard on auscultation.
Fever
Tachypnea that is shallow.
Pleural Effusion (Patho) Excessive non-purulent fluid in the pleural space.
Sources of fluid may vary and include infection, heart failure, renal insufficiency, connective
tissue disease, neoplasm and trauma.
Pleural Effusion (Subjective) Cough w/ progressive dyspnea
Pleuritic CP if there is inflammation
Pleural Effusion (Objective) Inspection: Diminished and delayed respiratory movement on
affected side
Palpation: Trachea shifted. Diminished fremitus. tachycardia
Percussion: Dullness and flatness. Hyperresonance above the affected area
Auscultation: Diminished to absent breath sounds. Crackles. Bronchophony, whispered
pectoriloquy, egophony. Occasional friction rub.
Pneumonia (Patho) Inflammation response of the bronchioles and alveoli to an infective
agent.
Acute infection may be due to different organisms that are acquired in the community or
hospital.
Concomitant inflammatory exudates lead to lung consolidation.
,Pneumonia (Subjective) Bacterial: rapid onset of cough, pleuritic CP, and dyspnea. Sputum
production
Mycobacterial, fungal, atypical: onset is more insidious
Chills, fever, rigors, and nonspecific abdominal symptoms of n/v may be present.
Involvement of the RLL can cause 10th and 11th thoracic nerves to cause RLQ pain and simulate
an abdominal issue.
Pneumonia (Objective) Inspection: Tachypnea.Shallow breathing, nasal flaring
Palpation: Increased fremitus w/ consolidation. Decreased fremitus w/ empyema or pleural
effusion. Tachypnea
Percussion: dullness
Auscultation: Crackles, rhonci, bronchial breath sounds, whispered pectoriloquy
Asthma (Patho) acute episodes triggered by allergens, anxiety, cold air, exercise, URI,
cigarette smoke, or other environmental agents.
Results in mucosal edema, increased secretions, and bronchoconstriction w/ increased airway
resistance and impede respiratory flow.
Asthma (Subjective) Episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea
Chest pain is common and with it, a feeling of tightness.
May last minutes, hours, or days.
Maybe asymptomatic between episodes
Asthma (Objective) Inspection: Tachypnea, nasal flaring, retractions
Percussion: Hyperresonance, limited diaphragmatic expansion
Palpitation: Tachycardia, diminished fremitus
Auscultation: Prolonged expiration, wheezing
, Pulmonary Embolism (Patho) embolic occlusion of pulmonary arteries is common but
difficult to diagnose
Risk factors: age older than 40, hx of DVT, surgery with anesthesia longer than 30 minutes,
heart dx, cancer, fracture of pelvis or leg bones, obesity, acquired or genetic thrombophilia
Pulmonary Embolism (Subjective) Pleuritic chest pain w/ or w/o dyspnea
Pulmonary embolism (Objective) Tachycardia, tachypnea, low-grade fever. Hypoxia, dullness
to percussion and decreased fremitus if there is an effusion. Pleural friction rub
Chest pain (Subjective) Substernal pain or intense pressure radiating to the neck, jaws, and
arms; particularly in the left arm
Often accompanied by shortness of breath, fatigue, diaphoresis, faintness, and syncope
Chest pain (Objective data questions) Are you having current chest pain?
What medicines are you currently taking?
Do you have any comorbidities (other medical dx)?
Is this your first time having CP or is this recurrent?
How long has the chest pain been occurring?
Is it constant to intermittent?
Does the pain radiate anywhere?
How long does the chest pain last?
What does the pain feel like (sharp, crushing, dull ache)?
What number would you state it is from 1-10?
Do you have any other symptoms with the chest pain (shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting,
dizziness, syncope, palpitations, cough)?
What makes the chest pain worse (activity, intercourse, eating, stress, laying flat)?
Guaranteed Success
Pleurisy (subjective) Sudden onset w/ chest pain when taking a deep breath or cough.
Rubbing of the pleural surfaces can be heard by the pt.
Pain may be referred to ipsilateral (same side) shoulder or may be close to the diaphragm.
Pleurisy (Objective) Pleural friction rub heard on auscultation.
Fever
Tachypnea that is shallow.
Pleural Effusion (Patho) Excessive non-purulent fluid in the pleural space.
Sources of fluid may vary and include infection, heart failure, renal insufficiency, connective
tissue disease, neoplasm and trauma.
Pleural Effusion (Subjective) Cough w/ progressive dyspnea
Pleuritic CP if there is inflammation
Pleural Effusion (Objective) Inspection: Diminished and delayed respiratory movement on
affected side
Palpation: Trachea shifted. Diminished fremitus. tachycardia
Percussion: Dullness and flatness. Hyperresonance above the affected area
Auscultation: Diminished to absent breath sounds. Crackles. Bronchophony, whispered
pectoriloquy, egophony. Occasional friction rub.
Pneumonia (Patho) Inflammation response of the bronchioles and alveoli to an infective
agent.
Acute infection may be due to different organisms that are acquired in the community or
hospital.
Concomitant inflammatory exudates lead to lung consolidation.
,Pneumonia (Subjective) Bacterial: rapid onset of cough, pleuritic CP, and dyspnea. Sputum
production
Mycobacterial, fungal, atypical: onset is more insidious
Chills, fever, rigors, and nonspecific abdominal symptoms of n/v may be present.
Involvement of the RLL can cause 10th and 11th thoracic nerves to cause RLQ pain and simulate
an abdominal issue.
Pneumonia (Objective) Inspection: Tachypnea.Shallow breathing, nasal flaring
Palpation: Increased fremitus w/ consolidation. Decreased fremitus w/ empyema or pleural
effusion. Tachypnea
Percussion: dullness
Auscultation: Crackles, rhonci, bronchial breath sounds, whispered pectoriloquy
Asthma (Patho) acute episodes triggered by allergens, anxiety, cold air, exercise, URI,
cigarette smoke, or other environmental agents.
Results in mucosal edema, increased secretions, and bronchoconstriction w/ increased airway
resistance and impede respiratory flow.
Asthma (Subjective) Episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea
Chest pain is common and with it, a feeling of tightness.
May last minutes, hours, or days.
Maybe asymptomatic between episodes
Asthma (Objective) Inspection: Tachypnea, nasal flaring, retractions
Percussion: Hyperresonance, limited diaphragmatic expansion
Palpitation: Tachycardia, diminished fremitus
Auscultation: Prolonged expiration, wheezing
, Pulmonary Embolism (Patho) embolic occlusion of pulmonary arteries is common but
difficult to diagnose
Risk factors: age older than 40, hx of DVT, surgery with anesthesia longer than 30 minutes,
heart dx, cancer, fracture of pelvis or leg bones, obesity, acquired or genetic thrombophilia
Pulmonary Embolism (Subjective) Pleuritic chest pain w/ or w/o dyspnea
Pulmonary embolism (Objective) Tachycardia, tachypnea, low-grade fever. Hypoxia, dullness
to percussion and decreased fremitus if there is an effusion. Pleural friction rub
Chest pain (Subjective) Substernal pain or intense pressure radiating to the neck, jaws, and
arms; particularly in the left arm
Often accompanied by shortness of breath, fatigue, diaphoresis, faintness, and syncope
Chest pain (Objective data questions) Are you having current chest pain?
What medicines are you currently taking?
Do you have any comorbidities (other medical dx)?
Is this your first time having CP or is this recurrent?
How long has the chest pain been occurring?
Is it constant to intermittent?
Does the pain radiate anywhere?
How long does the chest pain last?
What does the pain feel like (sharp, crushing, dull ache)?
What number would you state it is from 1-10?
Do you have any other symptoms with the chest pain (shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting,
dizziness, syncope, palpitations, cough)?
What makes the chest pain worse (activity, intercourse, eating, stress, laying flat)?
