Key Points for NURS 612 Exam 4 Preparation Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified
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What are the risk factors for cervical cancer? Infection with HPV, early age at first
intercourse, multiple partners, HIV+, smoking, age, and race.
What is the recommended screening for abuse or violence in women? ACOG recommends
screening all women at annual exams or first prenatal visits.
What age group should undergo a rectal exam? Women over age 50.
What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer? Age (typically after menopause), past history of
fertility drugs, early menarche or late menopause, infertility, history of breast cancer or
BRCA1/2, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, race, high fat diet, and hormone
replacement therapy.
What age-related changes occur in older women due to reduced estrogen? Problems with
urination, vaginal irritation, and dryness are common.
What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer? Age (average diagnosis at 60),
postmenopausal status, early menarche or late menopause, increased bleeding during
perimenopause, unopposed estrogen replacement, infertility, obesity, diabetes, and personal
or family history of gynecological or colon cancers.
What is the significance of a pelvic exam in diagnosing atrophic vaginitis? It helps assess the
skin and mucous membrane integrity.
What should be documented when screening for abuse/violence? Careful documentation of
findings is essential.
What does it indicate if a patient never sees a spike in temperature during basal temperature
charting? It suggests that the patient is not ovulating.
,What is the typical age range for the majority of ovarian cancer cases? Typically found in
women over 63 years old.
What lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer? A high-fat
diet, especially from animal sources.
What should be considered when assessing older women for sexual activity? Do not assume
they are not sexually active; assess for signs of STIs.
What is the importance of asking specific questions during a female GU problem assessment?
To gather relevant information that can guide diagnosis and treatment.
What is the relationship between early menarche and endometrial cancer risk? Early
menarche increases the time the endometrium is exposed to estrogen, raising cancer risk.
What is the role of a CT abdomen in diagnosing a ruptured ovarian cyst? It can show free
fluid in the right lower quadrant, indicating a ruptured cyst.
What is the significance of documenting a patient's chief complaint in female GU problems?
It helps in understanding the patient's condition and guiding further investigation.
What are common reasons for a gynecological appointment? Discharge, pain, itching,
abnormal/heavy bleeding; well visit is the most common reason.
What symptoms should be included in the HPI for a gynecological exam? Abnormal
bleeding, pain (OLDCARTS), vaginal discharge, PMS symptoms, menopausal symptoms,
infertility, urinary symptoms (frequency, urgency, blood in urine, UTIs).
,What key aspects should be covered in a patient's PMH during a gynecological assessment?
Menstrual history (LMP, cycle days, flow character), OB history, menopausal history.
What gynecologic history details are important to gather? Age of menarche, menstrual
problems, prior gynecological surgery, fibroids, ovarian cysts, STIs, endometriosis, history of
infertility.
What family history should be considered in a gynecological assessment? Reproductive
cancers and multiple pregnancies.
What personal/social history factors are relevant in gynecological evaluations? Sexual
practices (number and sex of partners), condom use, contraception history, date of last Pap
smear and results, use of recreational drugs.
What is the recommended position for examining the external female genitalia? Lithotomy
position with knees apart and feet in stirrups.
What are the steps to ensure privacy during a gynecological examination? Provide adequate
draping and ensure the examination is conducted in a private setting.
What is the first step in examining the internal genitalia using a speculum? Ensure the
patient empties their bladder.
What should be done to encourage relaxation during a speculum examination? Explain the
procedure as you proceed and touch the inner thigh first before the speculum.
What precautions should be taken when using a speculum? Use universal precautions,
warm the speculum if possible, and ensure it is the correct size; do not use gel lubricant.
What does the cervix of a nulliparous patient look like? The os is small and round or oval.
, What does the cervix of a parous patient look like? The os is a horizontal slit or has a
branched appearance.
What does an ectropion indicate? Exposed columnar epithelium from the cervical canal;
red/erythema surrounding the os of the cervix; may be normal in teenagers, pregnant women,
and women on oral contraceptives.
What are Nabothian cysts? Retention cysts of the endocervical glands; small, white or
yellow; expected finding.
What is a cystocele? Protrusion of the bladder through the anterior wall of the vagina,
requiring surgical repair.
What is a rectocele? Protrusion of part of the rectum through the posterior wall of the
vagina.
What is the procedure for performing a Pap smear? Collect cervical cells using a speculum
and appropriate tools for cytological analysis.
How do you assess for bacterial vaginosis using a potassium hydroxide test? Apply
potassium hydroxide to a vaginal sample and observe for a fishy odor or other indicators.
What is the purpose of a bimanual exam in gynecological assessments? To assess the size,
shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries, as well as to identify any abnormalities.
What is the significance of Psoas sign during an abdominal assessment? A positive Psoas
sign indicates appendicitis, shown by pain in the RLQ when the patient raises their leg against
resistance.
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What are the risk factors for cervical cancer? Infection with HPV, early age at first
intercourse, multiple partners, HIV+, smoking, age, and race.
What is the recommended screening for abuse or violence in women? ACOG recommends
screening all women at annual exams or first prenatal visits.
What age group should undergo a rectal exam? Women over age 50.
What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer? Age (typically after menopause), past history of
fertility drugs, early menarche or late menopause, infertility, history of breast cancer or
BRCA1/2, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, race, high fat diet, and hormone
replacement therapy.
What age-related changes occur in older women due to reduced estrogen? Problems with
urination, vaginal irritation, and dryness are common.
What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer? Age (average diagnosis at 60),
postmenopausal status, early menarche or late menopause, increased bleeding during
perimenopause, unopposed estrogen replacement, infertility, obesity, diabetes, and personal
or family history of gynecological or colon cancers.
What is the significance of a pelvic exam in diagnosing atrophic vaginitis? It helps assess the
skin and mucous membrane integrity.
What should be documented when screening for abuse/violence? Careful documentation of
findings is essential.
What does it indicate if a patient never sees a spike in temperature during basal temperature
charting? It suggests that the patient is not ovulating.
,What is the typical age range for the majority of ovarian cancer cases? Typically found in
women over 63 years old.
What lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer? A high-fat
diet, especially from animal sources.
What should be considered when assessing older women for sexual activity? Do not assume
they are not sexually active; assess for signs of STIs.
What is the importance of asking specific questions during a female GU problem assessment?
To gather relevant information that can guide diagnosis and treatment.
What is the relationship between early menarche and endometrial cancer risk? Early
menarche increases the time the endometrium is exposed to estrogen, raising cancer risk.
What is the role of a CT abdomen in diagnosing a ruptured ovarian cyst? It can show free
fluid in the right lower quadrant, indicating a ruptured cyst.
What is the significance of documenting a patient's chief complaint in female GU problems?
It helps in understanding the patient's condition and guiding further investigation.
What are common reasons for a gynecological appointment? Discharge, pain, itching,
abnormal/heavy bleeding; well visit is the most common reason.
What symptoms should be included in the HPI for a gynecological exam? Abnormal
bleeding, pain (OLDCARTS), vaginal discharge, PMS symptoms, menopausal symptoms,
infertility, urinary symptoms (frequency, urgency, blood in urine, UTIs).
,What key aspects should be covered in a patient's PMH during a gynecological assessment?
Menstrual history (LMP, cycle days, flow character), OB history, menopausal history.
What gynecologic history details are important to gather? Age of menarche, menstrual
problems, prior gynecological surgery, fibroids, ovarian cysts, STIs, endometriosis, history of
infertility.
What family history should be considered in a gynecological assessment? Reproductive
cancers and multiple pregnancies.
What personal/social history factors are relevant in gynecological evaluations? Sexual
practices (number and sex of partners), condom use, contraception history, date of last Pap
smear and results, use of recreational drugs.
What is the recommended position for examining the external female genitalia? Lithotomy
position with knees apart and feet in stirrups.
What are the steps to ensure privacy during a gynecological examination? Provide adequate
draping and ensure the examination is conducted in a private setting.
What is the first step in examining the internal genitalia using a speculum? Ensure the
patient empties their bladder.
What should be done to encourage relaxation during a speculum examination? Explain the
procedure as you proceed and touch the inner thigh first before the speculum.
What precautions should be taken when using a speculum? Use universal precautions,
warm the speculum if possible, and ensure it is the correct size; do not use gel lubricant.
What does the cervix of a nulliparous patient look like? The os is small and round or oval.
, What does the cervix of a parous patient look like? The os is a horizontal slit or has a
branched appearance.
What does an ectropion indicate? Exposed columnar epithelium from the cervical canal;
red/erythema surrounding the os of the cervix; may be normal in teenagers, pregnant women,
and women on oral contraceptives.
What are Nabothian cysts? Retention cysts of the endocervical glands; small, white or
yellow; expected finding.
What is a cystocele? Protrusion of the bladder through the anterior wall of the vagina,
requiring surgical repair.
What is a rectocele? Protrusion of part of the rectum through the posterior wall of the
vagina.
What is the procedure for performing a Pap smear? Collect cervical cells using a speculum
and appropriate tools for cytological analysis.
How do you assess for bacterial vaginosis using a potassium hydroxide test? Apply
potassium hydroxide to a vaginal sample and observe for a fishy odor or other indicators.
What is the purpose of a bimanual exam in gynecological assessments? To assess the size,
shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries, as well as to identify any abnormalities.
What is the significance of Psoas sign during an abdominal assessment? A positive Psoas
sign indicates appendicitis, shown by pain in the RLQ when the patient raises their leg against
resistance.
