NURS612 1st Exam Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified By Experts| Latest Update
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What is the proper technique to exam the interior eye with an opthalmoscope? o To
promote pupil dilation, dim the lights. Instill a mydriatic, if needed.
o To examine the patient's right eye, use your right eye and hold the
ophthalmoscope in your right hand. For the patient's left eye, use your left eye
and hold the ophthalmoscope in your left hand.
o For stability, put your free hand on the patient's shoulder or head.
o To change the ophthalmoscope lens, use your index finger. Start with the
lens set at zero and adjust it as needed.
o To avoid tiring the patient, give short breaks from the bright light.
What structures to you visualize in the interior eye with the opthalmascope? What are normal
and abnormal findings? What do the abnormal findings indicate? o Aiming the
ophthalmoscope light at the pupil from 30 cm away, visualize the
red reflex. Stay alert for opacities that look like black densities.
o Next, move in to visualize the fundus (or retina). It should appear yellow or
reddish pink, depending on the patient's pigmentation. It should have no light
or dark areas except for crescents or dots at the disc margin. At any given time,
you will see only a small part of the retina. An easy way to find your way
around the fundus is to follow the branching of the blood vessels and
remember that they always branch away from the optic disc.
o Then observe the retinal vessels, noting venous pulsations and any
abnormalities at the sites where arterioles and venules cross.
o Next, examine the optic disc itself. The disc should be yellow to creamy pink
and about 1.5 mm in diameter with a sharp, well-defined margin.
o Finally, inspect the macula, which should be about two disc diameters
temporal to the optic disc. The macula should appear as a lighter dot
,surrounded by an avascular area.
Review the abnormalities of the eye on pgs 223-230. Review each condition, the
pathophysiology, subjective and objective data for each abnormality.
Describe how you would inspect the external ear- the auricles, position of the auricles, the
auditory canal. What are normal and abnormal findings? o Inspect the auricles for size,
shape, symmetry, landmarks, and color. The
auricles should be symmetrical and the same color as the facial skin, with no
deformities, lesions, nodules, or discharge.
o Assess the position of the auricles by drawing an imaginary horizontal line
between the inner canthus and the most prominent protuberance of the
occiput. The top of the auricle should be at or above this line. Draw an
imaginary vertical line perpendicular to the first one, just anterior to the
auricle. The auricle should be almost vertical at this line.
o Inspect the external auditory canal. It should have no discharge or odor.
Describe palpating the auricles and mastoid area. What are normal and abnormal findings?
o Palpate the auricles and mastoid area. The auricle should be firm and
mobile. There should be no tenderness, swelling, or nodules.
Describe how you would perform an otoscopic examination of an adult ear. o First, with the
patient's head tilted to the opposite shoulder, gently pull the
auricle up and back while inserting the speculum. This simple action gives
you the best view by straightening the ear canal.
o Second, inspect the auditory canal, noting any discharge, scaling, redness,
lesions, foreign bodies, or cerumen. Expect to see minimal cerumen, uniform
pinkness, and hairs in the outer third of the canal.
o Third, inspect the tympanic membrane for landmarks, color, contour, and
, perforations. The umbo, handle of malleus, and light reflex should be visible.
The tympanic membrane should be translucent, pearly gray, and conical with
no perforations.
o Fourth, assess tympanic membrane mobility, using the otoscope's
pneumatic attachment. The tympanic membrane should move in and out with
pressure changes, causing the cone of light to change in appearance.
Describe how you would evaluate hearing by the communication with the patient, a whispered
voice, the Weber and Rinne tests. What are normal and abnormal findings for these tests? How
do you document normal and abnormal findings? o First, simply notice how the patient
responds to questions and directions. You
should not have to repeat your requests excessively.
o Second, check the patient's response to your whispered voice. In each ear, the
patient should hear at least three of six whispered letters and numbers
correctly.
o Third, perform the Weber test by placing the stem of a vibrating tuning fork
on the midline of the head. The patient should hear the sound equally in both
ears.
o Fourth, perform the Rinne test by placing the stem of a vibrating tuning fork
on the mastoid bone to test bone conduction. Time how long the sound is
heard. When the patient no longer hears it, move the tuning fork 1 to 2 cm
from the auditory canal to test air conduction. Again, time how long the sound
is heard. The patient should hear air-conducted sound twice as long as bone conducted
sound.
Describe how you inspect and palpate the external nose. How do you evaluate nasal patency?
What are normal and abnormal findings? o Next, observe the nares for discharge and flaring
or narrowing. If discharge is
present, describe its character, amount, and color and note whether it is
Guaranteed Success
What is the proper technique to exam the interior eye with an opthalmoscope? o To
promote pupil dilation, dim the lights. Instill a mydriatic, if needed.
o To examine the patient's right eye, use your right eye and hold the
ophthalmoscope in your right hand. For the patient's left eye, use your left eye
and hold the ophthalmoscope in your left hand.
o For stability, put your free hand on the patient's shoulder or head.
o To change the ophthalmoscope lens, use your index finger. Start with the
lens set at zero and adjust it as needed.
o To avoid tiring the patient, give short breaks from the bright light.
What structures to you visualize in the interior eye with the opthalmascope? What are normal
and abnormal findings? What do the abnormal findings indicate? o Aiming the
ophthalmoscope light at the pupil from 30 cm away, visualize the
red reflex. Stay alert for opacities that look like black densities.
o Next, move in to visualize the fundus (or retina). It should appear yellow or
reddish pink, depending on the patient's pigmentation. It should have no light
or dark areas except for crescents or dots at the disc margin. At any given time,
you will see only a small part of the retina. An easy way to find your way
around the fundus is to follow the branching of the blood vessels and
remember that they always branch away from the optic disc.
o Then observe the retinal vessels, noting venous pulsations and any
abnormalities at the sites where arterioles and venules cross.
o Next, examine the optic disc itself. The disc should be yellow to creamy pink
and about 1.5 mm in diameter with a sharp, well-defined margin.
o Finally, inspect the macula, which should be about two disc diameters
temporal to the optic disc. The macula should appear as a lighter dot
,surrounded by an avascular area.
Review the abnormalities of the eye on pgs 223-230. Review each condition, the
pathophysiology, subjective and objective data for each abnormality.
Describe how you would inspect the external ear- the auricles, position of the auricles, the
auditory canal. What are normal and abnormal findings? o Inspect the auricles for size,
shape, symmetry, landmarks, and color. The
auricles should be symmetrical and the same color as the facial skin, with no
deformities, lesions, nodules, or discharge.
o Assess the position of the auricles by drawing an imaginary horizontal line
between the inner canthus and the most prominent protuberance of the
occiput. The top of the auricle should be at or above this line. Draw an
imaginary vertical line perpendicular to the first one, just anterior to the
auricle. The auricle should be almost vertical at this line.
o Inspect the external auditory canal. It should have no discharge or odor.
Describe palpating the auricles and mastoid area. What are normal and abnormal findings?
o Palpate the auricles and mastoid area. The auricle should be firm and
mobile. There should be no tenderness, swelling, or nodules.
Describe how you would perform an otoscopic examination of an adult ear. o First, with the
patient's head tilted to the opposite shoulder, gently pull the
auricle up and back while inserting the speculum. This simple action gives
you the best view by straightening the ear canal.
o Second, inspect the auditory canal, noting any discharge, scaling, redness,
lesions, foreign bodies, or cerumen. Expect to see minimal cerumen, uniform
pinkness, and hairs in the outer third of the canal.
o Third, inspect the tympanic membrane for landmarks, color, contour, and
, perforations. The umbo, handle of malleus, and light reflex should be visible.
The tympanic membrane should be translucent, pearly gray, and conical with
no perforations.
o Fourth, assess tympanic membrane mobility, using the otoscope's
pneumatic attachment. The tympanic membrane should move in and out with
pressure changes, causing the cone of light to change in appearance.
Describe how you would evaluate hearing by the communication with the patient, a whispered
voice, the Weber and Rinne tests. What are normal and abnormal findings for these tests? How
do you document normal and abnormal findings? o First, simply notice how the patient
responds to questions and directions. You
should not have to repeat your requests excessively.
o Second, check the patient's response to your whispered voice. In each ear, the
patient should hear at least three of six whispered letters and numbers
correctly.
o Third, perform the Weber test by placing the stem of a vibrating tuning fork
on the midline of the head. The patient should hear the sound equally in both
ears.
o Fourth, perform the Rinne test by placing the stem of a vibrating tuning fork
on the mastoid bone to test bone conduction. Time how long the sound is
heard. When the patient no longer hears it, move the tuning fork 1 to 2 cm
from the auditory canal to test air conduction. Again, time how long the sound
is heard. The patient should hear air-conducted sound twice as long as bone conducted
sound.
Describe how you inspect and palpate the external nose. How do you evaluate nasal patency?
What are normal and abnormal findings? o Next, observe the nares for discharge and flaring
or narrowing. If discharge is
present, describe its character, amount, and color and note whether it is
