IBHRE STUDY:
ELECTRONICS/ENGINEERING EXAM
100% SOLVED
ePTFE and 80 polyurethane - ANSWERLead insulation material known for reducing
fibroblast in -growth and susceptibility to MIO and ESC
Elgiloy - ANSWERElectrode material most likely resulting in higher pacing thresholds
and high polarization
DFT-Drawn Filled Tube - ANSWERConductor technology that combines a silver core
with high strength metal MP35N0
tantalum electrolytic - ANSWERICD capacitor that does not require reformation
E=V'2 X T
-----------
R - ANSWEREnergy equation
Hyperkalemia - ANSWERCauses an increase in stim threshold, a wide QRS, latency
and undersensing
Outflow of K continues, Ca channels close - ANSWERWhat is responsible for the rapid
repolarization of phase 3
Energy - ANSWERWatt-Second
(R1 X R2)
----------
(R1 + R2) - ANSWERParralel circuit
Negative, -60mv, -40mv - ANSWERA Resting pacemaker cell is more______ on the
inside compared to the outside at _____ with a threshold of ____-_
sodium, calcium. Potassium - ANSWERAt rest the cell has more _____ and ___ outside
the cell and more ___ inside the cell
This is the resting phase. voltage gates closed. More potassium inside the cell and
more Na, Ca outside with a little bit of Ka leaking out. -90 for regular myoctye cells. -
ANSWERDescribe stage 4 of the action potential
Calcium. Ca2+ - ANSWERYou're Doing Great! :)
, In regular myocyte this is depolarization phase when threshold of -70mv is met due to
leaky K channel. At -70mv Na rushes into cell making it more positive. -
ANSWERDescribe phase 0 of action potential
Peak of depolarization. Na channels close and K channels open. More Ka leaves cell
making it go negative. - ANSWERDescribe phase 1 of action potential
K still leaving but Ca gates open and Ca comes into the cell. Known as the plateau
phase. - ANSWERDescribe phase 2 of action potential
Relative refractory. Ca gates close. K still leaving. Membrane potential heading back
down to -90 resting. - ANSWERDescribe stage 3 of the action potential.
Voltage gated pumps are closed. Just a little K leaking out of the cell. Resting at-90. -
ANSWERDescribe stage 4
EF < 36%, HF class II or III, QRS > 120ms
ICD vs. Amio vs. Placebo
ICD had 23% RR. Amio no benefit over placebo. Main difference from the MADITs was
included ischemic and NI Cardiomyopathy patients - ANSWERDescribe SCD-HeFT
Study
Asymptotic Non-Sustained VT, Previous MI, LVD
ICD vs. No ICD/conventional therapy
54% RR for secondary prevention. The only clinical trial which led to a class I indication
for ICD implantation for primary prevention - ANSWERMADIT
Post MI, EF < 30%, QRS >120 ms
ICD vs. No ICD
31% RR for primary prevention. Main difference was did not require EP study like
MADIT - ANSWERMADIT II
Class I or II HF, EF <30%, QRS >130ms and prior MI
CRTD vs. No CRTD
34% decrease in MI and HF
41% decrease in HF alone. Primary prevention. - ANSWERMADIT CRT
ELECTRONICS/ENGINEERING EXAM
100% SOLVED
ePTFE and 80 polyurethane - ANSWERLead insulation material known for reducing
fibroblast in -growth and susceptibility to MIO and ESC
Elgiloy - ANSWERElectrode material most likely resulting in higher pacing thresholds
and high polarization
DFT-Drawn Filled Tube - ANSWERConductor technology that combines a silver core
with high strength metal MP35N0
tantalum electrolytic - ANSWERICD capacitor that does not require reformation
E=V'2 X T
-----------
R - ANSWEREnergy equation
Hyperkalemia - ANSWERCauses an increase in stim threshold, a wide QRS, latency
and undersensing
Outflow of K continues, Ca channels close - ANSWERWhat is responsible for the rapid
repolarization of phase 3
Energy - ANSWERWatt-Second
(R1 X R2)
----------
(R1 + R2) - ANSWERParralel circuit
Negative, -60mv, -40mv - ANSWERA Resting pacemaker cell is more______ on the
inside compared to the outside at _____ with a threshold of ____-_
sodium, calcium. Potassium - ANSWERAt rest the cell has more _____ and ___ outside
the cell and more ___ inside the cell
This is the resting phase. voltage gates closed. More potassium inside the cell and
more Na, Ca outside with a little bit of Ka leaking out. -90 for regular myoctye cells. -
ANSWERDescribe stage 4 of the action potential
Calcium. Ca2+ - ANSWERYou're Doing Great! :)
, In regular myocyte this is depolarization phase when threshold of -70mv is met due to
leaky K channel. At -70mv Na rushes into cell making it more positive. -
ANSWERDescribe phase 0 of action potential
Peak of depolarization. Na channels close and K channels open. More Ka leaves cell
making it go negative. - ANSWERDescribe phase 1 of action potential
K still leaving but Ca gates open and Ca comes into the cell. Known as the plateau
phase. - ANSWERDescribe phase 2 of action potential
Relative refractory. Ca gates close. K still leaving. Membrane potential heading back
down to -90 resting. - ANSWERDescribe stage 3 of the action potential.
Voltage gated pumps are closed. Just a little K leaking out of the cell. Resting at-90. -
ANSWERDescribe stage 4
EF < 36%, HF class II or III, QRS > 120ms
ICD vs. Amio vs. Placebo
ICD had 23% RR. Amio no benefit over placebo. Main difference from the MADITs was
included ischemic and NI Cardiomyopathy patients - ANSWERDescribe SCD-HeFT
Study
Asymptotic Non-Sustained VT, Previous MI, LVD
ICD vs. No ICD/conventional therapy
54% RR for secondary prevention. The only clinical trial which led to a class I indication
for ICD implantation for primary prevention - ANSWERMADIT
Post MI, EF < 30%, QRS >120 ms
ICD vs. No ICD
31% RR for primary prevention. Main difference was did not require EP study like
MADIT - ANSWERMADIT II
Class I or II HF, EF <30%, QRS >130ms and prior MI
CRTD vs. No CRTD
34% decrease in MI and HF
41% decrease in HF alone. Primary prevention. - ANSWERMADIT CRT
