COMM 325 Midterm Exam with |! |! |! |! |!
precise detailed solutions |! |!
Charles Perrow - Correct answer ✔"The problems advanced by social
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
scientists have been primarily the problems of human relations in an
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
authoritarian setting." |!
Communication - Correct answer ✔the dynamic, ongoing process of creating
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and negotiating meanings through interactional symbolic (verbal and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
nonverbal) practices, including conversation, metaphors, ritals, stories, dress,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and space.
|!
Crisis of Representation - Correct answer ✔a challenge to the idea that
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
knowledge consists of a body of facts that represent an objectively existing
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
reality, independent from human perception and experience.
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Organizational Communication - Correct answer ✔the process of creating
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and negotiating collective, coordinated systems of meaning through symbolic
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
practices oriented toward the achievement of organizational goals
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Organizational Control - Correct answer ✔the dynamic communication
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
process through which different organizational interest groups struggle to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
maximize their stake in an organization, the collective bending of wills to a
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
common purpose. |!
,Theme of Control - Correct answer ✔Must coordinate the members to work
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
collectively - i.e. control. This can only be done by resolving the conflict
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
between the goals of the organization and the goals of its members - usually
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
by subordinating the goals of the members. Control as a dialectical process -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
not linear or cause/effect. Organization implies control.
|! |! |! |! |! |!
W. Charles Redding - Correct answer ✔Found of Organizational
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Communication
Types of control mechanisms - Correct answer ✔Direct, technological,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
bureaucratic, Ideological, Disciplinary |! |!
Direction Control - Correct answer ✔direct in explicit ways and then monitor
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
their behavior to make sure they are performing adequately. Often functions
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
in superior - subordinate relations. Most coercive.
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Technological Control - Correct answer ✔slightly less direct, technology |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
controls the kinds of work people do and the speed at which they can do it -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Henry Ford, production line, McDonalds, electronic surveillance.
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Bureaucratic Control - Correct answer ✔central/defining feature of Western
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
democratic societies, enables organization members to advance based on
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
merit rather than connections, exists as a form of rules, formal structures,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and roles that both enable and constrain activities of organization members.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Ideological Control - Correct answer ✔the development of a system of values
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and beliefs with which employees are expected to identify strongly. Ex.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
,Corporate culture movement in '80s. Can be oppressive to some organization
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
members as it asks the self to invest their identity in the company. Top-down
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Disciplinary Control - Correct answer ✔emerged recently as organizations |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
shifted from bureaucratic, hierarchical to flatter and decentralized. Bottom-up
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
control, focuses on employees production of a particular sense of self and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
work identity. The relationship between organizations and employees has
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
shifted away from the post-World War II social contract of stable, life-time
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
employment and toward "free agency" and a climate of much greater |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
instability in the job market. Self discipline to improve the "entrepreneurial
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
self". The individual is both the subject (makes decisions) and the object (
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
target of control). The least coercive
|! |! |! |! |!
Pyramid of Control - Correct answer ✔The levels of control mechanisms
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
going from most sophisticated (involving the most consent/least coercion_ to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
most basic/coercive. From Top to bottom - Disciplinary control, ideological,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
bureaucratic, technological, direct. The higher it is in the pyramid, the more |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
agency and autonomy members have. Bottom levels more about physical
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
control, top about internalized/self control.
|! |! |! |!
Key Features of Organization - Correct answer ✔o Interdependence - no
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
member can function without affecting and being affected by other members.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
"Webs" of interconnected activities.
|! |! |! |! |!
o Differentiation of Tasks and Functions - all organizations operate based on
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
division of labor, members specialize in a specific task and the organization is
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
divided into various departments (major in late 19th, 20th century with
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
scientific management). |! |!
o Goal Orientation - all organizations oriented towards goals. Goals provide
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
organization with character. |! |! |!
, o Control Mechanisms - direct control, technological control,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Container/flat earth perspective of organizational comm - Correct answer ✔o
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Container - organizations as physical containers in which people
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
communicate - communication flows through it, is shaped by it,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
communication is separate from the organization. Informative view of |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
communication. About communication as information transmission - |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
communication in terms of processes of distortion - send/receiver - noise.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
shaped by structure of organization
|! |! |! |!
|! organization separately from communication |! |! |!
|! getting right info to right people
|! |! |! |! |!
|! transmission of information-sender and receiver|! |! |! |!
|! different people interpret the exact same message differently
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
if there is miscommunication it's because there was some form of noise not
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
because different interpretations of message, its a technical problem.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
|! informational view, flat earth approach, fails to count for complexity
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Constitutive/round earth perspective or organizational comm - Correct |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
answer ✔- communication between people forms complex systems -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
precise detailed solutions |! |!
Charles Perrow - Correct answer ✔"The problems advanced by social
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
scientists have been primarily the problems of human relations in an
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
authoritarian setting." |!
Communication - Correct answer ✔the dynamic, ongoing process of creating
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and negotiating meanings through interactional symbolic (verbal and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
nonverbal) practices, including conversation, metaphors, ritals, stories, dress,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and space.
|!
Crisis of Representation - Correct answer ✔a challenge to the idea that
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
knowledge consists of a body of facts that represent an objectively existing
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
reality, independent from human perception and experience.
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Organizational Communication - Correct answer ✔the process of creating
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and negotiating collective, coordinated systems of meaning through symbolic
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
practices oriented toward the achievement of organizational goals
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Organizational Control - Correct answer ✔the dynamic communication
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
process through which different organizational interest groups struggle to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
maximize their stake in an organization, the collective bending of wills to a
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
common purpose. |!
,Theme of Control - Correct answer ✔Must coordinate the members to work
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
collectively - i.e. control. This can only be done by resolving the conflict
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
between the goals of the organization and the goals of its members - usually
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
by subordinating the goals of the members. Control as a dialectical process -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
not linear or cause/effect. Organization implies control.
|! |! |! |! |! |!
W. Charles Redding - Correct answer ✔Found of Organizational
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Communication
Types of control mechanisms - Correct answer ✔Direct, technological,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
bureaucratic, Ideological, Disciplinary |! |!
Direction Control - Correct answer ✔direct in explicit ways and then monitor
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
their behavior to make sure they are performing adequately. Often functions
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
in superior - subordinate relations. Most coercive.
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Technological Control - Correct answer ✔slightly less direct, technology |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
controls the kinds of work people do and the speed at which they can do it -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Henry Ford, production line, McDonalds, electronic surveillance.
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Bureaucratic Control - Correct answer ✔central/defining feature of Western
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
democratic societies, enables organization members to advance based on
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
merit rather than connections, exists as a form of rules, formal structures,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and roles that both enable and constrain activities of organization members.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Ideological Control - Correct answer ✔the development of a system of values
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and beliefs with which employees are expected to identify strongly. Ex.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
,Corporate culture movement in '80s. Can be oppressive to some organization
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
members as it asks the self to invest their identity in the company. Top-down
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Disciplinary Control - Correct answer ✔emerged recently as organizations |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
shifted from bureaucratic, hierarchical to flatter and decentralized. Bottom-up
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
control, focuses on employees production of a particular sense of self and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
work identity. The relationship between organizations and employees has
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
shifted away from the post-World War II social contract of stable, life-time
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
employment and toward "free agency" and a climate of much greater |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
instability in the job market. Self discipline to improve the "entrepreneurial
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
self". The individual is both the subject (makes decisions) and the object (
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
target of control). The least coercive
|! |! |! |! |!
Pyramid of Control - Correct answer ✔The levels of control mechanisms
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
going from most sophisticated (involving the most consent/least coercion_ to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
most basic/coercive. From Top to bottom - Disciplinary control, ideological,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
bureaucratic, technological, direct. The higher it is in the pyramid, the more |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
agency and autonomy members have. Bottom levels more about physical
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
control, top about internalized/self control.
|! |! |! |!
Key Features of Organization - Correct answer ✔o Interdependence - no
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
member can function without affecting and being affected by other members.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
"Webs" of interconnected activities.
|! |! |! |! |!
o Differentiation of Tasks and Functions - all organizations operate based on
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
division of labor, members specialize in a specific task and the organization is
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
divided into various departments (major in late 19th, 20th century with
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
scientific management). |! |!
o Goal Orientation - all organizations oriented towards goals. Goals provide
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
organization with character. |! |! |!
, o Control Mechanisms - direct control, technological control,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Container/flat earth perspective of organizational comm - Correct answer ✔o
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Container - organizations as physical containers in which people
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
communicate - communication flows through it, is shaped by it,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
communication is separate from the organization. Informative view of |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
communication. About communication as information transmission - |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
communication in terms of processes of distortion - send/receiver - noise.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
shaped by structure of organization
|! |! |! |!
|! organization separately from communication |! |! |!
|! getting right info to right people
|! |! |! |! |!
|! transmission of information-sender and receiver|! |! |! |!
|! different people interpret the exact same message differently
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
if there is miscommunication it's because there was some form of noise not
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
because different interpretations of message, its a technical problem.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
|! informational view, flat earth approach, fails to count for complexity
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Constitutive/round earth perspective or organizational comm - Correct |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
answer ✔- communication between people forms complex systems -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
