NR 565 2025 Final Exam
and
Study Guide
Advanced Nursing Role Immersion – Part 3
(Chamberlain University)
NR 565 FINAL EXAM AND FINAL STUDY GUIDE
2025 VERSION ACTUAL EXAM FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) A+
,General Antimicrobial Principles
Question 1
Every antibiotic drug class has resistance organisms that influence prescribing decisions:
Answer: True.
Explanation: The constant evolution of bacteria means that resistance mechanisms develop
against all classes of antibiotics over time. This necessitates ongoing research for new
antimicrobial agents and careful stewardship of existing ones to preserve their effectiveness.
Prescribing decisions must consider local and national resistance patterns to select the most
effective and appropriate antibiotic while minimizing the development of further resistance.
Question 2
Factors that place a patient at risk of developing an antimicrobial-resistant organism include:
1. Age over 50
2. School attendance
3. Travel within the US
4. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials
The correct answer is 4. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials.
Explanation: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials, such as prescribing antibiotics for viral
infections, using broad-spectrum antibiotics when a narrow-spectrum agent would suffice, or
incomplete courses of antibiotics, contributes significantly to the development of drug-
resistant organisms. Other factors that increase risk include age younger than 2 years or
older than 65 years, daycare attendance, exposure to young children, multiple medical co-
morbidities, and immunosuppression. These factors increase exposure to pathogens and/or
compromise the body's ability to fight infection effectively, thus favoring resistant strains.
Question 3
, Infants and young children are at higher risk of developing antibiotic-resistant infections due
to:
1. developmental differences in pharmacokinetics of the abx of children
2. the fact that children this age are more likely to be in daycare or exposed to pathogens
from other children
3. parents of young kids insisting on preventive abx so they don't miss work when their kids
are sick
4. immunosuppression from the multiple vaccines they receive in the first 2 years of life
The correct answer is 2. the fact that children this age are more likely to be in daycare
or exposed to pathogens from other children.
Explanation: Young children, especially those in group settings like daycare, have frequent
close contact with other children. This increases their exposure to a wide variety of
pathogens, some of which may already carry antibiotic resistance genes. Furthermore,
frequent infections in this age group often lead to more frequent antibiotic prescriptions,
providing more opportunities for resistant bacteria to emerge and spread.
Question 4
Providers should use an antibiogram when prescribing. An antibiogram is:
1. The other name for the Centers for Disease Control guidelines for prescribing antibiotics
2. An algorithm used for prescribing antibiotics for certain infections
3. The reference also known as the Pink Book, published by the Centers for Disease
Control
4. A chart of the local resistance patterns to antibiotics developed by laboratories
The correct answer is 4. A chart of the local resistance patterns to antibiotics
developed by laboratories.
Explanation: An antibiogram is a valuable tool for guiding empiric antibiotic therapy. It
compiles data on the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to various antimicrobial agents within
a specific institution or geographic region over a defined period (e.g., annually). By showing
which antibiotics are most likely to be effective against common local pathogens,
antibiograms help prescribers select appropriate initial treatments, thereby improving patient
outcomes and contributing to antimicrobial stewardship by limiting the use of ineffective or
excessively broad-spectrum drugs.
Penicillins
and
Study Guide
Advanced Nursing Role Immersion – Part 3
(Chamberlain University)
NR 565 FINAL EXAM AND FINAL STUDY GUIDE
2025 VERSION ACTUAL EXAM FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) A+
,General Antimicrobial Principles
Question 1
Every antibiotic drug class has resistance organisms that influence prescribing decisions:
Answer: True.
Explanation: The constant evolution of bacteria means that resistance mechanisms develop
against all classes of antibiotics over time. This necessitates ongoing research for new
antimicrobial agents and careful stewardship of existing ones to preserve their effectiveness.
Prescribing decisions must consider local and national resistance patterns to select the most
effective and appropriate antibiotic while minimizing the development of further resistance.
Question 2
Factors that place a patient at risk of developing an antimicrobial-resistant organism include:
1. Age over 50
2. School attendance
3. Travel within the US
4. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials
The correct answer is 4. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials.
Explanation: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials, such as prescribing antibiotics for viral
infections, using broad-spectrum antibiotics when a narrow-spectrum agent would suffice, or
incomplete courses of antibiotics, contributes significantly to the development of drug-
resistant organisms. Other factors that increase risk include age younger than 2 years or
older than 65 years, daycare attendance, exposure to young children, multiple medical co-
morbidities, and immunosuppression. These factors increase exposure to pathogens and/or
compromise the body's ability to fight infection effectively, thus favoring resistant strains.
Question 3
, Infants and young children are at higher risk of developing antibiotic-resistant infections due
to:
1. developmental differences in pharmacokinetics of the abx of children
2. the fact that children this age are more likely to be in daycare or exposed to pathogens
from other children
3. parents of young kids insisting on preventive abx so they don't miss work when their kids
are sick
4. immunosuppression from the multiple vaccines they receive in the first 2 years of life
The correct answer is 2. the fact that children this age are more likely to be in daycare
or exposed to pathogens from other children.
Explanation: Young children, especially those in group settings like daycare, have frequent
close contact with other children. This increases their exposure to a wide variety of
pathogens, some of which may already carry antibiotic resistance genes. Furthermore,
frequent infections in this age group often lead to more frequent antibiotic prescriptions,
providing more opportunities for resistant bacteria to emerge and spread.
Question 4
Providers should use an antibiogram when prescribing. An antibiogram is:
1. The other name for the Centers for Disease Control guidelines for prescribing antibiotics
2. An algorithm used for prescribing antibiotics for certain infections
3. The reference also known as the Pink Book, published by the Centers for Disease
Control
4. A chart of the local resistance patterns to antibiotics developed by laboratories
The correct answer is 4. A chart of the local resistance patterns to antibiotics
developed by laboratories.
Explanation: An antibiogram is a valuable tool for guiding empiric antibiotic therapy. It
compiles data on the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to various antimicrobial agents within
a specific institution or geographic region over a defined period (e.g., annually). By showing
which antibiotics are most likely to be effective against common local pathogens,
antibiograms help prescribers select appropriate initial treatments, thereby improving patient
outcomes and contributing to antimicrobial stewardship by limiting the use of ineffective or
excessively broad-spectrum drugs.
Penicillins
