JUST 212 EXAM 2

JUST 212 EXAM 2


SocialbnStructurebnTheoriesbnSimilaritiesbn-bnanswers--Explanationsbnofbncriminalbnconduct:

-Placebnblamebnforbncrimebnonbnobservedbninequalitiesbnandbnculturalbndifferencesbnbetweenbngroups

-Crimebnisbncausedbnbybnthebnwaybnsocietiesbnarebnstructurallybnorganized

-Disregardbnanybnbiologicalbnorbnpsychologicalbnvariationsbnacrossbnindividuals



Merton'sbnStrainbnTheorybn-bnanswers--Explanationbnofbncrime:

-
Therebnisbnanbnequalbnemphasisbnonbnthebnconventionalbngoalsbnandbnmeans,bnhowever,bnonebnisbnem
phasizedbnmorebnthanbnthebnother.bnCrimebnoccursbnwhenbntherebnisbnmorebnemphasisbnonbnthebngoal
sbnandbnlessbnemphasisbnonbnthebnmeans.



Merton'sbnFivebnAdaptationsbntobnStrainbnTheorybn-bnanswers--1.bnConformitybn(Conformist):

-
peoplebnbuybnintobnthebnconventionalbngoalsbnofbnsocietybnandbnthebnconventionalbnmeansbnofbnworki
ngbnhardbntobnachievebnthebngoalsbn(School,bnlabor...).bnNotbnassociatedbnwithbncrime

2.bnRitualismbn(Ritualists):

-
Dobnnotbnpursuebnthebngoalbnofbnmaterialbnsuccess,bnprobablybnbecausebntheybnknowbntheybndobnnotbn
havebnabnrealisticbnchancebnofbnobtainingbnit.bnTheybnbuybnintobnconventionalbnmeansbninbnthebnsenseb
nthatbntheybnlikebntobndobntheirbnjobbnorbnhappybnwithbnmakingbnendsbnmeet.bnNotbnassociatedbnwithb
ncrime.

3.bnInnovationbn(Innovators):

-
Greatlybndesirebnthebnconventionalbngoalsbnofbnmaterialbnsuccessbnbutbnarebnnotbnwillingbntobnengagebn
inbnthebnconventionalbnmeans.bnTryingbntobninnovatebnwaysbnofbnachievingbngoalbnwithoutbnthebnhardb
nworkbnusuallybnrequired.bnMostbnpredatorybnstreetbncriminals,bnhowever,bnnotbnallbnarebncriminals.

4.bnRetreatism:

-
Individualsbnwhobndobnnotbnseekbntobnachievebnthebngoalsbnofbnsociety,bnandbntheybnbuybnintobnthebnid

, eabnofbnconventionalbnhardbnwork.bnSeekbntobndropoutbnofbnsocietybnaltogetherbn(Drugbnaddicts,bnreclu
ses...).bnAssociatedbnwithbncrime,bnhowever,bnnotbnallbnarebncriminals.

5.bnRebellionbn(Rebels):

-
Mostbncomplex.bnBuybnintobnthebnideabnofbnsocietalbngoalsbnandbnmeans,bnbutbntheybndobnnotbnbuybni
ntobnthosebncurrentlybninbnplace.bnTryingbntobnoverthrowbncurrentbnsocialbnstructure.



*Anbnindividualbncanbnbebnrepresentbnmorebnthanbnonebnadaptation



CriticismsbnofbnMerton'sbnTheorybn-bnanswers---
Primarilybnabnstructuralbnmodelbnofbncrimebnthatbnisbnmorebnabntheorybnofbnsocietalbngroups,bnnotbnind
ividualbnmotivations

-
Researchersbnhavebnfocusedbnonbnthebndisparitybninbnwhatbnindividualsbnaspirebntobninbnvariousbnaspec
tsbnofbnlifebnversusbnwhatbntheybnrealisticallybnexpectbntobnachieve

-
Arguebnmostbnstudiesbnonbndiscrepanciesbnbetweenbnaspirationsbnandbnexpectationsbnhavebnnotbnbeen
bndonebncorrectly

-Historicalbnevidence'sbnfailurebntobnexplainbnage-crimebncurve.

-
Hardbntobnunderstandbnwhybnsomebnthebnlargestbnincreasesbninbncrimebntookbnplacebnduringbnabnperio
dbnofbnrelativebneconomicbnprosperitybn(1960s)



InstitutionalbnAnomiebnTheorybn-bnanswers--ExplanationbnofbnCrime:

-
pressuresbnpeoplebnexperiencebnarebnabnresultbnofbnculturalbnandbnstructuralbnsocialbnpressuresbntobno
btainbnthebn'AmericanbnDream';bneconomicbnconditionsbnimpactbnprofit-
relatedbncrime,bnwhichbnisbnabndirectbnreflectionbnofbnthebnsurroundingbnenvironment



PolicybnImplicationsbnDrawnbnfrombnInstitutionalbnAnomiebnTheorybn-bnanswers---
JuvenilebnDelinquencybnPreventionbnandbnControlbnActbnofbn1961

-
MobilizationbnforbnYouthbnprojectbninbnNewbnYorkbnCity,bnwhichbnstressesbncreatingbneducationbnandbn
work