BIO 120 EXAM 4 (ACTUAL
2025-2026) AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Which structure formed by the male gametophyte allows
sperm to reach the ovary of a flowering plant?
A. Stigma
B. Pollen tube
C. Anther
D. Micropyle - ANSWERS_B. Pollen tube
,The pollen tube is formed after a pollen grain is transferred to
a receptive stigma and germinates, forming a tube that grows
down through the style to the ovary of a flowering plant.
In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes
are produced by _____. A. binary fission ... mitosis
B. meiosis ... meiosis
C. meiosis ... mitosis
D. mitosis ... mitosis
E. mitosis ... meiosis - ANSWERS_D. mitosis ... mitosis
What adaptations must plants have to live on land? -
ANSWERS_Cuticle: retaining water stomata
What do plants encounter on land that they haven't dealt with
in water? - ANSWERS_Unfiltered sun
Changing weather conditions
Lack of support
Bryophyte grade - ANSWERS_Liverworts, hornworts, and
mosses
Usually in wet environments
Terrestrial
Gametophyte dominant
Sporophyte is simple
,-unbranching
- no true vascular tissue
- "non-vascular"
Ecological importance
- sphagnum moss is a key player in wetlands
- early colonizers in wet environments
Ecological limits
- need moisture for gametophyte growth and sexual
reproduction
- sporophyte size limited by limiting water conducting tissues
Vascular plants - ANSWERS_Sporophyte dominant
Branched sporophytes
Vascular transport system (xylem and phloem)
Seedless vascular plants - ANSWERS_Lycophytes and
monilophytes Ecological importance:
- those that formed the first forests became coal
- dramatically increase the removal of CO2
Lycophytes - ANSWERS_Tropical epiphytes
Temperate forest floor cover
Microphylls (single unbranched leaf)
, Overharvested
Microphylls - ANSWERS_Simple small leaves
One vascular strand in each leaf
Found in lycophytes
Monilophytes - ANSWERS_Mostly tropical
Megaphylls
Megaphylls - ANSWERS_Probably evolved several times
A leaf with several or many large veins branching apart or
running parallel and connected by a network of smaller veins.
Horsetails - ANSWERS_Monilophyte
*Reverted back to microphylls*
Sporangia - ANSWERS_Where meiosis occurs and creates
sporophytes
Ferns - ANSWERS_Leaves grow as covered tip unfurls -
"fiddlehead"
Sporangia are stalked
Most widespread of seedless vascular plants
2025-2026) AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Which structure formed by the male gametophyte allows
sperm to reach the ovary of a flowering plant?
A. Stigma
B. Pollen tube
C. Anther
D. Micropyle - ANSWERS_B. Pollen tube
,The pollen tube is formed after a pollen grain is transferred to
a receptive stigma and germinates, forming a tube that grows
down through the style to the ovary of a flowering plant.
In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes
are produced by _____. A. binary fission ... mitosis
B. meiosis ... meiosis
C. meiosis ... mitosis
D. mitosis ... mitosis
E. mitosis ... meiosis - ANSWERS_D. mitosis ... mitosis
What adaptations must plants have to live on land? -
ANSWERS_Cuticle: retaining water stomata
What do plants encounter on land that they haven't dealt with
in water? - ANSWERS_Unfiltered sun
Changing weather conditions
Lack of support
Bryophyte grade - ANSWERS_Liverworts, hornworts, and
mosses
Usually in wet environments
Terrestrial
Gametophyte dominant
Sporophyte is simple
,-unbranching
- no true vascular tissue
- "non-vascular"
Ecological importance
- sphagnum moss is a key player in wetlands
- early colonizers in wet environments
Ecological limits
- need moisture for gametophyte growth and sexual
reproduction
- sporophyte size limited by limiting water conducting tissues
Vascular plants - ANSWERS_Sporophyte dominant
Branched sporophytes
Vascular transport system (xylem and phloem)
Seedless vascular plants - ANSWERS_Lycophytes and
monilophytes Ecological importance:
- those that formed the first forests became coal
- dramatically increase the removal of CO2
Lycophytes - ANSWERS_Tropical epiphytes
Temperate forest floor cover
Microphylls (single unbranched leaf)
, Overharvested
Microphylls - ANSWERS_Simple small leaves
One vascular strand in each leaf
Found in lycophytes
Monilophytes - ANSWERS_Mostly tropical
Megaphylls
Megaphylls - ANSWERS_Probably evolved several times
A leaf with several or many large veins branching apart or
running parallel and connected by a network of smaller veins.
Horsetails - ANSWERS_Monilophyte
*Reverted back to microphylls*
Sporangia - ANSWERS_Where meiosis occurs and creates
sporophytes
Ferns - ANSWERS_Leaves grow as covered tip unfurls -
"fiddlehead"
Sporangia are stalked
Most widespread of seedless vascular plants
