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Samenvatting microbiologie: HIV en AIDS

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July 7, 2025
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Inhoud
Epidemiologie .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Worden er in België nog personen met HIV geïnfecteerd? ............................................................ 2
Demografische gegevens................................................................................................................. 2
Wijze van infectie ............................................................................................................................ 3
Wereldwijd ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Ontdekking van HIV ................................................................................................................................. 4
Structuur van het virus, infectie en replicatie ......................................................................................... 4
Virus structuur ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Replicatie cyclus .................................................................................................................................. 5
Infectie................................................................................................................................................. 6
Oorsprong van HIV .................................................................................................................................. 7
Transmissie .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Diagnose .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Ziekteprogressie ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Antiretrovirale therapie en resistentie.................................................................................................. 10
Evolutie van HIV-behandeling: van AZT tot combined ART .............................................................. 10
Klassen van antiretrovirale drugs ...................................................................................................... 10
Antiretrovirale therapie anno 2025 .................................................................................................. 11
Resistentie ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Testen voor drugresistentie .............................................................................................................. 12
Genezing ................................................................................................................................................ 13
Preventie ............................................................................................................................................... 14
PrEP en PEP ....................................................................................................................................... 15
HIV vaccin anno 2025 ........................................................................................................................ 15




1

, Les Virginie Mortier: HIV en AIDS
Humaan Immunodeficiëncy Virus (HIV)

• Retroviridae (familie)→ Orthoretrovirinae (subfamillie) → Lentivirus (geslacht)
• Tast na infectie geleidelijk het immuunsysteem aan (sluipend verloop & lange incubatietijd)
o Lenti = langzaam
• Infectie resulteert finaal in sterfte door opportunistische infecties
• Genoom: 2x enkelstrengige lineaire positieve sense RNA moleculen
• Er bestaan twee types: HIV-1 en HIV-2
• Diameter: +/- 120 nm




Epidemiologie
Worden er in België nog personen met HIV geïnfecteerd?

• In 2023 werden in België 665 nieuwe HIV infecties gediagnosticeerd.
→ Dat is een gemiddelde van 1,8 per dag en een stijging tov 2021 en 2022




Demografische gegevens
Geslacht & leeftijd

• Het aandeel mannen in de HIV-diagnoses in 2023 bedroeg 70%
• Diagnoses vooral in leeftijdsgroep 20 tot 49 jaar – in 2023 wordt een duidelijke stijging
waargenomen in de leeftijdsgroep 30-39 jaar, zowel bij mannen als vrouwen




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