COMPREHENSIVE BASIC SCIENCE EXAM
(CBSE) REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Chagas Disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite passed in the feces
of Reduviidae/kissing bug
Penetrates broken skin or intact mucous membranes forming a pseudocyst releasing
inflammatory infiltrates into myocytes; stains with Giemsa & Wright
Romana sign occurs when portal of entry is the conjunctiva or eyelid
May resulting in:
Enlarged heart- CHF, sudden cardiac arrest
Enlarged esophagus- difficulty swallowing
Enlarged colon- abdominal pain or constipation
Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER -cell with half-moon shaped nucleus that participates in
phagocytosis
Chronic graft rejection - CORRECT ANSWER -multifactorial but typically involves arteriosclerosis
HLA-B27 - CORRECT ANSWER -PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis- chronic synovitis destroying cartilage typically in young men
,Inflammatory bowel dz- Crohn's & UC
Reactive Arthritis-
Reactive Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER -Arthritis as a reaction to a bacterial infection such as
Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Ureaplasma.
Associated with conjunctivitis & uveitis
Gaucher (Type 1) - CORRECT ANSWER -AR Lysosomal storage disease
Accumulation of sphingolipid glucocerebroside
Most common
Wrinkled tissue paper
I Cell disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Failure of Golgi apparatus to phosphorylate mannose 6-
phosphate the marker to export enzymes to lysosomes resulting in accumulation of lysosomal
enzymes in serum
Nitroblue tetrazolium test - CORRECT ANSWER -Aqualitative test to determine defects in NADPH
oxidase
Negative: CGD
Positive: Acute Hepatitis, Mono
,CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) - CORRECT ANSWER -inability to produce NADPH oxidase;
susceptible to Cat + organisms; elevated neutrophils w/ normal T cell
Gp91 phox subunit: heme binding subunit of superoxide generating NADPH
Treat with interferon gamma
Clarithromycin (macrolide) - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR of metallic taste & GI
Codeine - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR resp. depression, euphoria, & constipation
Cyclobenzaprine - CORRECT ANSWER -Structurally similar to TCAs w/ anticholinergic side effects
used for relief of muscle spasms
May exacerbate glaucoma
Naproxen - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR of GI & renal (in elderly)
Timolol - CORRECT ANSWER -Used in HTN & glaucoma; ADR of bradycardia & worsening asthma
Bacterial vaginosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Sloughed mucosal cells = clue cells
Trichomoniasis - CORRECT ANSWER -Cilated, motile trophozoites w/ corkscrew-like motility
Autism - CORRECT ANSWER -Lack of eye contact, verbal communication, & separation anxiety;
repetitious behavior
Emphysema - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, normal FVC; TLC, FRC, & RV
increase
, Parathyroid hormone(PTH) vs phosphate in hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER -PTH: rapid &
direct
Phosphate: slow & indirect
ANP: - CORRECT ANSWER -Afib, Ch-1p, NPPA gene mutation causing binding interference,-
decrease cGMP
Failure of development of 3rd or 4th pharyngeal pouches - CORRECT ANSWER -DiGeorge
syndrome (CATCH 22): truncus arteriosus & agenesis of parathyroid glands
May also be associated w/ failure of thymus to develop -> T lymphocytes w/ CD3 marker
Huntington disease - CORRECT ANSWER -PCR is the most common method to est. # of CAGs
Both the coding & template strands bind the forward & reverse primers on 3' end
Pyrmidine Dimers - CORRECT ANSWER -BRAF gain of function mutation causing covalant
thymine (or Cystine) bonds normally repaired thru NER in the G1 phase by endonuclease
recognition then excision (DNA polymerase then fills; ligase then reseals)
Xeroderma pigmentosum - CORRECT ANSWER -Mutation of NER endonuclease from UV
radiation disrupting DNA replication due to the oligonucleotides remaining damaged
DNA Polymerase I - CORRECT ANSWER -Removal of both leading & lagging RNA primers 5' to 3'
(unique)
Proofreading of mismatch nucleotides via 3' to 5' exonuclease & elongation of lagging strand 5'
to 3' (universal)
Topoisomerase - CORRECT ANSWER -Enzyme that functions in DNA replication, helping to
relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork.
(CBSE) REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Chagas Disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite passed in the feces
of Reduviidae/kissing bug
Penetrates broken skin or intact mucous membranes forming a pseudocyst releasing
inflammatory infiltrates into myocytes; stains with Giemsa & Wright
Romana sign occurs when portal of entry is the conjunctiva or eyelid
May resulting in:
Enlarged heart- CHF, sudden cardiac arrest
Enlarged esophagus- difficulty swallowing
Enlarged colon- abdominal pain or constipation
Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER -cell with half-moon shaped nucleus that participates in
phagocytosis
Chronic graft rejection - CORRECT ANSWER -multifactorial but typically involves arteriosclerosis
HLA-B27 - CORRECT ANSWER -PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis- chronic synovitis destroying cartilage typically in young men
,Inflammatory bowel dz- Crohn's & UC
Reactive Arthritis-
Reactive Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER -Arthritis as a reaction to a bacterial infection such as
Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Ureaplasma.
Associated with conjunctivitis & uveitis
Gaucher (Type 1) - CORRECT ANSWER -AR Lysosomal storage disease
Accumulation of sphingolipid glucocerebroside
Most common
Wrinkled tissue paper
I Cell disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Failure of Golgi apparatus to phosphorylate mannose 6-
phosphate the marker to export enzymes to lysosomes resulting in accumulation of lysosomal
enzymes in serum
Nitroblue tetrazolium test - CORRECT ANSWER -Aqualitative test to determine defects in NADPH
oxidase
Negative: CGD
Positive: Acute Hepatitis, Mono
,CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) - CORRECT ANSWER -inability to produce NADPH oxidase;
susceptible to Cat + organisms; elevated neutrophils w/ normal T cell
Gp91 phox subunit: heme binding subunit of superoxide generating NADPH
Treat with interferon gamma
Clarithromycin (macrolide) - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR of metallic taste & GI
Codeine - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR resp. depression, euphoria, & constipation
Cyclobenzaprine - CORRECT ANSWER -Structurally similar to TCAs w/ anticholinergic side effects
used for relief of muscle spasms
May exacerbate glaucoma
Naproxen - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR of GI & renal (in elderly)
Timolol - CORRECT ANSWER -Used in HTN & glaucoma; ADR of bradycardia & worsening asthma
Bacterial vaginosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Sloughed mucosal cells = clue cells
Trichomoniasis - CORRECT ANSWER -Cilated, motile trophozoites w/ corkscrew-like motility
Autism - CORRECT ANSWER -Lack of eye contact, verbal communication, & separation anxiety;
repetitious behavior
Emphysema - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, normal FVC; TLC, FRC, & RV
increase
, Parathyroid hormone(PTH) vs phosphate in hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER -PTH: rapid &
direct
Phosphate: slow & indirect
ANP: - CORRECT ANSWER -Afib, Ch-1p, NPPA gene mutation causing binding interference,-
decrease cGMP
Failure of development of 3rd or 4th pharyngeal pouches - CORRECT ANSWER -DiGeorge
syndrome (CATCH 22): truncus arteriosus & agenesis of parathyroid glands
May also be associated w/ failure of thymus to develop -> T lymphocytes w/ CD3 marker
Huntington disease - CORRECT ANSWER -PCR is the most common method to est. # of CAGs
Both the coding & template strands bind the forward & reverse primers on 3' end
Pyrmidine Dimers - CORRECT ANSWER -BRAF gain of function mutation causing covalant
thymine (or Cystine) bonds normally repaired thru NER in the G1 phase by endonuclease
recognition then excision (DNA polymerase then fills; ligase then reseals)
Xeroderma pigmentosum - CORRECT ANSWER -Mutation of NER endonuclease from UV
radiation disrupting DNA replication due to the oligonucleotides remaining damaged
DNA Polymerase I - CORRECT ANSWER -Removal of both leading & lagging RNA primers 5' to 3'
(unique)
Proofreading of mismatch nucleotides via 3' to 5' exonuclease & elongation of lagging strand 5'
to 3' (universal)
Topoisomerase - CORRECT ANSWER -Enzyme that functions in DNA replication, helping to
relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork.
