UNCW BIO 201 EXAM 1 WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST VERSION!!! ( 2025/2026)

Prepare to ace your UNCW BIO 201 Exam 1 with this verified test bank, including real exam questions and 100% correct A+ answers based on the latest 2023–2024 course content. Covers key topics in Anatomy & Physiology I Verified, professor-level answer key Already graded A+ — proven success Ideal for University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) students Digital download for instant access Save time, study smarter, and pass with confidence. This is your shortcut to BIO 201 success! uncw bio 201 exam 1 bio 201 anatomy and physiology test bio 201 verified answers uncw biology test bank anatomy and physiology exam 1 bio 201 study guide 2023 university of north carolina wilmington exam bio 201 graded a+ bio 201 pass guaranteed uncw exam questions pdf UNCW BIO 201 EXAM 1 WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST VERSION!!! QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ________________________________________ Question: What are the main characteristics of life? Answer: 1. All life must regulate structure and function 2. Energy and matter flow through living systems 3. Living things must sense and respond 4. Organisms must reproduce, grow, and divide ________________________________________ Question: What are the three domains of life? Answer: 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya ________________________________________ Question: What are the characteristics of Bacteria? Answer: Bacteria have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus. They were some of the first forms of life on Earth. ________________________________________ Question: What are the characteristics of Archaea? Answer: Archaea are unicellular prokaryotes with cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan. ________________________________________ Question: What are the characteristics of Eukarya? Answer: Eukarya are organisms whose cells have nuclei. This domain includes protists, plants, fungi, and animals. ________________________________________ Question: What is a prokaryotic cell? Answer: A prokaryotic cell is a single-celled organism with no true nucleus. Examples include Bacteria and Archaea. ________________________________________ Question: What is a eukaryotic cell? Answer: A eukaryotic cell can be single or multi-celled and has a true nucleus. ________________________________________ Question: What are the levels of biological organization from largest to smallest? Answer: 1. Biosphere 2. Ecosystem 3. Community 4. Population 5. Organism 6. Organ system 7. Organ 8. Tissue 9. Cell 10. Organelles 11. Molecules 12. Atoms (Elements) 13. Subatomic Particles ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Question: What is the canonical pathway of protein synthesis? Answer: DNA (genes) → RNA (transcript of DNA) → Protein ________________________________________ Question: What are the steps of the scientific method? Answer: 1. Make many observations and use them to create a model 2. Form a hypothesis 3. Test the hypothesis through experiments 4. Analyze the data 5. Use the analysis to modify the model ________________________________________ Question: What is matter? Answer: Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. It is made of elements. ________________________________________ Question: What is an element? Answer: An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reaction. ________________________________________ Question: What is an atom? Answer: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that biologists generally consider in living systems. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Question: What are protons and what do they determine? Answer: Protons have a positive charge and determine the atomic number of an element. ________________________________________ Question: What are neutrons and what do they determine? Answer: Neutrons have no charge. They determine isotopes and, along with protons, determine the atomic mass. ________________________________________ Question: What are electrons and what is their role? Answer: Electrons have a negative charge, determine the chemical reactivity of an atom, and orbit the nucleus in a “cloud.” ________________________________________ Question: What is the atomic nucleus? Answer: The atomic nucleus resides at the center of the atom and houses the protons and neutrons. ________________________________________ Question: What is an ion? Answer: An ion is a charged atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons. ________________________________________ Question: What was Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment and what did it show? Answer: Rutherford shot alpha particles (helium nuclei) at a very thin gold sheet. 1. He determined that atoms are mostly empty space. 2. He discovered that atoms have a central nucleus with a positive charge. ________________________________________ Question: What are the essential elements of life? Answer: 1. Oxygen 2. Carbon 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen ________________________________________ Question: What is an isotope? Answer: Isotopes are elements with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Question: What are valence electrons? Answer: Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. ________________________________________ Question: What is the valence shell? Answer: The valence shell is the outermost shell of an atom. ________________________________________ Question: What is an ionic bond? Answer: An ionic bond is the attraction between oppositely charged ions, formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. ________________________________________ Question: What is a partial charge? Answer: A partial charge results from the unequal sharing of electrons, creating a slight negative or positive charge on atoms in a molecule. ________________________________________ Question: What is a polar covalent bond? Answer: A polar covalent bond occurs when electrons are shared unequally between atoms. ________________________________________ Question: What is a non-polar bond? Answer: A non-polar bond occurs when atoms have equal electronegativity, resulting in equal sharing of electrons. ________________________________________ Question: Which elements are the most electronegative? Answer: Nitrogen and Oxygen are the most electronegative elements. ________________________________________ Question: What is a hydrogen bond? Answer: A hydrogen bond is an attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom. ________________________________________ Question: What is a covalent bond? Answer: A covalent bond is a strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. ________________________________________ Question: What are the properties of water that result from hydrogen bonding? Answer: 1. Slows temperature change 2. Displays cohesion (sticks to itself) and adhesion (sticks to other substances) 3. Expands when frozen 4. Dissolves polar molecules and ions ________________________________________ Question: What is high heat of vaporization? Answer: High heat of vaporization refers to the amount of heat added to change water from a liquid to a gas. ________________________________________ Question: What is high heat of fusion? Answer: High heat of fusion refers to the amount of heat removed to change water from a liquid to a solid. ________________________________________ Question: What is high specific heat? Answer: High specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise or lower the temperature of a substance. ________________________________________ Question: What is a solution? Answer: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. ________________________________________ Question: What is a solvent? Answer: A solvent is the dissolving agent in a solution. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Question: What is a solute? Answer: A solute is the dissolved substance in a solution. ________________________________________ Question: What is an aqueous solution? Answer: An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. ________________________________________ Question: What does hydrophilic mean? Answer: Hydrophilic means "water loving" – a substance that dissolves or interacts well with water. ________________________________________ Question: What does hydrophobic mean? Answer: Hydrophobic means "water fearing" – a substance that does not dissolve or interact well with water. ________________________________________ Question: What does amphipathic mean? Answer: Amphipathic describes a molecule that is part hydrophilic and part hydrophobic. ________________________________________ Question: What is pH? Answer: 1. pH is a measurement of the number of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution. 2. It is measured on a scale from 1 to 14. ________________________________________ Question: What are acids? Answer: 1. Acids have a low pH level. 2. They decrease the pH of a solution by donating protons (H⁺). ________________________________________ Question: What are bases? Answer: 1. Bases have a high pH level. 2. They increase the pH of a solution by accepting protons (H⁺). ________________________________________ Question: What is a buffer? Answer: A buffer is a substance that minimizes changes in pH by donating or accepting protons. ________________________________________ Question: What is the chemical basis of life? Answer: a. Carbon and hydrogen form the core of organic molecules. b. Functional groups are like branches on the core. c. Macromolecules are large molecules essential to life. d. There are four classes of organic molecules. ________________________________________ Question: What are the four classes of organic molecules? Answer: 1. Proteins 2. Carbohydrates 3. Lipids 4. Nucleic acids ________________________________________ Question: What are hydrocarbons? Answer: Hydrocarbons are molecules made of hydrogen and carbon bonded together. ________________________________________ Question: What are functional groups? Answer: Functional groups are commonly occurring groups of atoms in a molecule that participate in reactions. ________________________________________ Question: What are the names of common functional groups? Answer: 1. Methyl – CH₃ 2. Hydroxyl – OH 3. Carboxyl – COOH 4. Carbonyl – CO 5. Amino – NH₃ or NH₂ 6. Phosphate – PO₄ 7. Sulfhydryl – SH ________________________________________ Question: What is a polymer? Answer: A polymer is a large molecule made of repeating subunits called monomers. ________________________________________ Question: What are monomers? Answer: Monomers are small molecules that, when combined, form polymers. ________________________________________ Question: What are polypeptides? Answer: Polypeptides are polymers (chains) of amino acids linked together. ________________________________________ Question: What is hydrophobic exclusion? Answer: Hydrophobic exclusion refers to hydrophobic molecules being pushed by water to the middle of a protein structure. ________________________________________ Question: What are carbohydrates? Answer: Carbohydrates contain two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every carbon atom. ________________________________________ Question: What are proteins? Answer: Proteins are one or more polypeptides folded into a specific three-dimensional structural arrangement. Short proteins are called peptides. ________________________________________ Question: What is a monosaccharide? Answer: A monosaccharide is a simple sugar, such as glucose. ________________________________________ Question: What is a disaccharide? Answer: A disaccharide is a simple carbohydrate, such as sucrose. ________________________________________ Question: What is a polysaccharide? Answer: A polysaccharide is a complex carbohydrate, such as glycogen (in humans) or starch (in plants). ________________________________________ Question: What are lipids? Answer: Lipids contain a high proportion of non-polar hydrocarbon bonds. ________________________________________ Question: What are the characteristics of lipids? Answer: 1. Hydrophobic and insoluble in water 2. Lightweight storage due to low water association with hydrophobic hydrocarbons ________________________________________ Question: What are the three types of lipids? Answer: 1. Fats 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids ________________________________________ Question: What are fats composed of? Answer: Fats are composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids joined by ester bonds. ________________________________________ Question: What is an ester bond? Answer: An ester bond is the chemical bond that connects glycerol and fatty acids in fat molecules. ________________________________________ Question: What is the phospholipid bilayer? Answer: The phospholipid bilayer is a structural component found in the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, and inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. ________________________________________ Question: What is a phospholipid composed of? Answer: A phospholipid is composed of one glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, one phosphate group, and a choline group. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Question: What are saturated fats? Answer: Saturated fats have a carboxyl group with C-H₂ bonds linked rigidly. ________________________________________ Question: What are unsaturated fats? Answer: Unsaturated fats have a carboxyl group with C-H₂ and C=C double bonds that create kinks in the structure. ________________________________________ Question: What is a steroid? Answer: A steroid is a lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton containing four fused rings. Steroids vary by the functional groups added to those four rings. ________________________________________ Question: Where is genetic information contained? Answer: Genetic information is contained in the chromosomes. ________________________________________ Question: What is chromatin? Answer: Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein. ________________________________________ Question: What is the function of the nucleolus? Answer: The nucleolus is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis. ________________________________________ Question: What is the nuclear envelope composed of? Answer: The nuclear envelope consists of two phospholipid bilayer membranes. ________________________________________ Question: What is the function of nuclear pores? Answer: Nuclear pores form passageways in the nuclear envelope. ________________________________________ Question: What is the nuclear matrix? Answer: The nuclear matrix fills the interior of the nucleus. ________________________________________ Question: What are intermediate filaments? Answer: Intermediate filaments are fibrous proteins coiled into large cables. ________________________________________ Question: What are microtubules? Answer: Microtubules are hollow tubes consisting of a ring of alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin. ________________________________________ Question: What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)? Answer: The rough ER is the site of protein synthesis. It is "rough" due to the presence of ribosomes and is the starting point of protein glycosylation. ________________________________________ Question: What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)? Answer: The smooth ER makes macromolecules, stores calcium, and performs detoxification. ________________________________________ Question: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? Answer: The Golgi apparatus is involved in protein sorting, processing, and secretion. • The cis face is the receiving face. • The trans face is the exit or transport face. • It is composed of a stack of flattened membranes. ________________________________________ Question: What are trace elements? Answer: An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts, such as iodine and selenium. ________________________________________ Question: What is a radioactive isotope? Answer: An isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy. ________________________________________ Question: What are atoms with complete valence shells? Answer: They are inert. ________________________________________ Question: What are atoms with incomplete valence shells? Answer: They are reactive. ________________________________________ Question: What is oxygen known for in bonding? Answer: It is an electron hog. ________________________________________ Question: What is cohesion? Answer: The attraction between water molecules by hydrogen bonding. ________________________________________ Question: What is adhesion? Answer: An attraction between molecules of different substances by hydrogen bonding. ________________________________________ Question: What are cations? Answer: Positively charged ions. ________________________________________ Question: What are anions? Answer: Negatively charged ions. ________________________________________ Question: What are disulfide bridges? Answer: A strong covalent bond formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer. ________________________________________ Question: What type of bond is formed between hydrogen and carbon? Answer: A non-polar bond. ________________________________________ Question: What is a dehydration reaction? Answer: A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water. ________________________________________ Question: What is hydrolysis? Answer: The breaking down of complex molecules by the chemical addition of water. ________________________________________ Question: What is a polypeptide? Answer: A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. ________________________________________ Question: What are van der Waals forces? Answer: A slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. These are very weak forces. ________________________________________ Question: What is denaturation? Answer: A process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific structure and function. It can be caused by changes in pH, salt concentration, or high temperature. It also refers to the separation of the two strands of the DNA double helix under similar conditions. ________________________________________