BIOD 101 MODULE 5 EXAM ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ LATEST VERSION
"Explain the relationship between cancer development and apoptosis. - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Cells that undergo apoptosis typically have something wrong with them. This process helps to
maintain normal cell functioning and growth. When cells resist apoptosis and continue to
divide, cancer can often develop."
"Mach each of the following terms with the correct description.
1. Autocrine signaling
2. Endocrine signaling
3. Direct cell-to-cell signaling
4. Paracrine signaling
5. Synaptic signaling
-Gap junctions are associated with this type of signaling.
- Involved in the secretion of growth factors.
- Common to the immune cells.
- Involved in regulating homeostatic mechanisms.
- Neurons use this type of signaling. - CORRECT ANSWER=> -Autocrine signaling = Common to the
immune cells.
-Endocrine signaling = Involved in regulating homeostatic mechanisms.
Page | 1
,-Direct cell-to-cell signaling = Gap junctions are associated with this type of signaling.
-Paracrine signaling = Involved in the secretion of growth factors.
-Synaptic signaling = Neurons use this type of signaling."
"Briefly describe the process of phosphorylation. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Phosphorylation is the
reversible process of adding a phosphate to one or more sites on a molecule to activate it (turn
it "on") or inactivate it (turn it "off")."
"Fill in the Blank:
G proteins share the broad function of ___________ GTP to GDP. - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Hydrolyzing (breaking down)."
"What role do ligands play in the alteration of gene expression? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Ligands
may alter the processes of transcription and/or translation resulting in changes to gene
expression."
"Fill in the Blank in the following paragraph describing the signaling pathway.
Signaling begins when an extracellular ___________ binds to a receptor anchored within the
plasma membrane. Relay molecules and scaffolding proteins ___________ the signal to activate
a cellular response. - CORRECT ANSWER=> 1. Ligands
2. Transduce"
"Once inside the intestinal walls, what does v. Cholera bacterium produce that bind to a GPCR,
causing the target cell to be permanently activated? - CORRECT ANSWER=> The V. Chlolera
bacterium produces an EXOTOXIN that binds to the GPCR, preventing it from hydrolyzing GTP to
GDP."
"When a signaling ligand binds to the extracellular binding region of an RTK, what happens
THIRD?
1. Dimerization of individual monomers.
2. Inactive relay proteins become activated.
Page | 2
, 3. Auto-phosphorylation. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Inactive relay protein become activated."
"The target cell is considered:
1. Pre-synaptic.
2. Post-synaptic.
3. A synapse.
4. A neurotransmitter. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Post-synaptic."
"Explain how the activation of mitochondrial proteins induce apoptosis. - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Upon activation of these proteins, a conformational change occurs, allowing these proteins to
form tiny, molecular pores. The resulting pores cause the mitochondrial outer membrane to
leak, which releases other pro-apoptotic proteins which work to degrade and disassemble the
inner contents of the cell."
"Which of the following is/are true regarding ligand-gated ion channels? (Select all that apply).
- They allow the passage of ions and acts as a receptor.
- The binding of a ligand causes the channels to open.
- The lumen of the channel is hydrophilic.
- Ligand binding is reversible. - CORRECT ANSWER=> - They allow the passage of ions and acts as a
receptor.
- The binding of a ligand causes the channels to open.
- The lumen of the channel is hydrophilic.
- Ligand binding is reversible."
"Explain how a cellular signaling pathway is terminated. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Ligands binding to
their receptors is a reversible phenomenon. As the concentration of signaling ligands decreases,
Page | 3
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ LATEST VERSION
"Explain the relationship between cancer development and apoptosis. - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Cells that undergo apoptosis typically have something wrong with them. This process helps to
maintain normal cell functioning and growth. When cells resist apoptosis and continue to
divide, cancer can often develop."
"Mach each of the following terms with the correct description.
1. Autocrine signaling
2. Endocrine signaling
3. Direct cell-to-cell signaling
4. Paracrine signaling
5. Synaptic signaling
-Gap junctions are associated with this type of signaling.
- Involved in the secretion of growth factors.
- Common to the immune cells.
- Involved in regulating homeostatic mechanisms.
- Neurons use this type of signaling. - CORRECT ANSWER=> -Autocrine signaling = Common to the
immune cells.
-Endocrine signaling = Involved in regulating homeostatic mechanisms.
Page | 1
,-Direct cell-to-cell signaling = Gap junctions are associated with this type of signaling.
-Paracrine signaling = Involved in the secretion of growth factors.
-Synaptic signaling = Neurons use this type of signaling."
"Briefly describe the process of phosphorylation. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Phosphorylation is the
reversible process of adding a phosphate to one or more sites on a molecule to activate it (turn
it "on") or inactivate it (turn it "off")."
"Fill in the Blank:
G proteins share the broad function of ___________ GTP to GDP. - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Hydrolyzing (breaking down)."
"What role do ligands play in the alteration of gene expression? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Ligands
may alter the processes of transcription and/or translation resulting in changes to gene
expression."
"Fill in the Blank in the following paragraph describing the signaling pathway.
Signaling begins when an extracellular ___________ binds to a receptor anchored within the
plasma membrane. Relay molecules and scaffolding proteins ___________ the signal to activate
a cellular response. - CORRECT ANSWER=> 1. Ligands
2. Transduce"
"Once inside the intestinal walls, what does v. Cholera bacterium produce that bind to a GPCR,
causing the target cell to be permanently activated? - CORRECT ANSWER=> The V. Chlolera
bacterium produces an EXOTOXIN that binds to the GPCR, preventing it from hydrolyzing GTP to
GDP."
"When a signaling ligand binds to the extracellular binding region of an RTK, what happens
THIRD?
1. Dimerization of individual monomers.
2. Inactive relay proteins become activated.
Page | 2
, 3. Auto-phosphorylation. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Inactive relay protein become activated."
"The target cell is considered:
1. Pre-synaptic.
2. Post-synaptic.
3. A synapse.
4. A neurotransmitter. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Post-synaptic."
"Explain how the activation of mitochondrial proteins induce apoptosis. - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Upon activation of these proteins, a conformational change occurs, allowing these proteins to
form tiny, molecular pores. The resulting pores cause the mitochondrial outer membrane to
leak, which releases other pro-apoptotic proteins which work to degrade and disassemble the
inner contents of the cell."
"Which of the following is/are true regarding ligand-gated ion channels? (Select all that apply).
- They allow the passage of ions and acts as a receptor.
- The binding of a ligand causes the channels to open.
- The lumen of the channel is hydrophilic.
- Ligand binding is reversible. - CORRECT ANSWER=> - They allow the passage of ions and acts as a
receptor.
- The binding of a ligand causes the channels to open.
- The lumen of the channel is hydrophilic.
- Ligand binding is reversible."
"Explain how a cellular signaling pathway is terminated. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Ligands binding to
their receptors is a reversible phenomenon. As the concentration of signaling ligands decreases,
Page | 3
