USABO OPEN Exam 3 Questions with 100%
Correct Answers Latest Versions 2025 Graded
A+
8. pace maker cells: T type calcium channels are found in
Cells that maintain heart rate by intiating electric impulses through calcium chan-
nels.
Sinoatrial node is the primary pacemaker, the part of heart with most pacemaker
cells
Conductive cells not contractile
The pacemaker cells are connected to neighboring contractile cells via gap junc-
tions, which enable them to locally depolarize adjacent cells. Gap junctions allow
the passage of positive cations from the depolarization of the pacemaker cell to
adjacent contractile cells.
9. afferent arteries of the right ventricle: Pulmonary artery
10. myosattelite cells: multipotent stem cells
contribute to hypertrophy of muscle
add myonuclei
increase cytoplasm by fusion
11. gila satelite cells: -cover sympathetic and autonomic gilal
-regulate extracellular composition of gilal cells
-works similar to blood brain barrier; cannot pass large molecules
,-GABA
12. carboxyl group: COOH
13. Amine: R-NH2
14. carbonyl group: C=O
15. Nucleosides consist of: sugar and nitrogenous base
(no phosphate)
16. Na/K pump: 3 Na out, 2 K in
what creates the -70 mV in neuron
17. what creates resting potential in neuron: leaky channels of sodium and
potassium
na k pump
Cl- ions
18. Ions in Neurons: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-
19. granulocytes and agranulocytes: two types of leukocytes
20. Leukocytes: white blood cells
21. Neutrophils: -segmented nuclear phagocyte
-granulocyte with phago/lysosome
-most abundant wbc
-bacterial infection innate response
-innate response
22. *What IgE-mediated cell secretes major basic protein and has elevated
levels in the blood during asthma and parasitic infections?
*What type of WBC is present in increased numbers during an allergic reac-
tion?: eosinophil
, 23. Eosinophils: -bone marrow granulocyte
-fights EXTRACELLULAR parasites (helminths)
-abundant in immediate hypersensitivity and allergic reactions
24. basophil: -circulating granulocyte
-similar to function and structure in mast cells
-release histamine
-recruited to sites of immediate hypersensitivity
25. monocyte: -an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight in-
fection
-precusor of macrophage
-differentiate into macrophage at inflammatory site
26. lymphocyte: WBC that are in lymph, Mononuclear, T and B
27. erthrocytes: red blood cells
28. Eosinophilic Oesophagitis: May be related to food allergy
Overpopulation of eosinophils in the oesophagus
-closing and over inflamation in the esophagus making it hard to breathe
29. Herpes: inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by
small blisters in clusters
30. Bollous Pemphigoid: Abnormality of the dermal-epidermal junction.
Results in blistering
31. Where are coagulation factors produced?: In the liver except for factor VIII
and vWF
32. Wernicke area function: Permits recognition of spoken and written language
Correct Answers Latest Versions 2025 Graded
A+
8. pace maker cells: T type calcium channels are found in
Cells that maintain heart rate by intiating electric impulses through calcium chan-
nels.
Sinoatrial node is the primary pacemaker, the part of heart with most pacemaker
cells
Conductive cells not contractile
The pacemaker cells are connected to neighboring contractile cells via gap junc-
tions, which enable them to locally depolarize adjacent cells. Gap junctions allow
the passage of positive cations from the depolarization of the pacemaker cell to
adjacent contractile cells.
9. afferent arteries of the right ventricle: Pulmonary artery
10. myosattelite cells: multipotent stem cells
contribute to hypertrophy of muscle
add myonuclei
increase cytoplasm by fusion
11. gila satelite cells: -cover sympathetic and autonomic gilal
-regulate extracellular composition of gilal cells
-works similar to blood brain barrier; cannot pass large molecules
,-GABA
12. carboxyl group: COOH
13. Amine: R-NH2
14. carbonyl group: C=O
15. Nucleosides consist of: sugar and nitrogenous base
(no phosphate)
16. Na/K pump: 3 Na out, 2 K in
what creates the -70 mV in neuron
17. what creates resting potential in neuron: leaky channels of sodium and
potassium
na k pump
Cl- ions
18. Ions in Neurons: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-
19. granulocytes and agranulocytes: two types of leukocytes
20. Leukocytes: white blood cells
21. Neutrophils: -segmented nuclear phagocyte
-granulocyte with phago/lysosome
-most abundant wbc
-bacterial infection innate response
-innate response
22. *What IgE-mediated cell secretes major basic protein and has elevated
levels in the blood during asthma and parasitic infections?
*What type of WBC is present in increased numbers during an allergic reac-
tion?: eosinophil
, 23. Eosinophils: -bone marrow granulocyte
-fights EXTRACELLULAR parasites (helminths)
-abundant in immediate hypersensitivity and allergic reactions
24. basophil: -circulating granulocyte
-similar to function and structure in mast cells
-release histamine
-recruited to sites of immediate hypersensitivity
25. monocyte: -an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight in-
fection
-precusor of macrophage
-differentiate into macrophage at inflammatory site
26. lymphocyte: WBC that are in lymph, Mononuclear, T and B
27. erthrocytes: red blood cells
28. Eosinophilic Oesophagitis: May be related to food allergy
Overpopulation of eosinophils in the oesophagus
-closing and over inflamation in the esophagus making it hard to breathe
29. Herpes: inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by
small blisters in clusters
30. Bollous Pemphigoid: Abnormality of the dermal-epidermal junction.
Results in blistering
31. Where are coagulation factors produced?: In the liver except for factor VIII
and vWF
32. Wernicke area function: Permits recognition of spoken and written language
