2025 Reformer pilates - Final exam,
questions, Answers and Rationale
What are the nine Pilates principles? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Breathing
2. Concentration
3. Control
4. Centering
5. Precision
6. Balanced muscle development
7. Rhythm/flow
8. Whole body movement
9. Relaxation
What are the five Balanced Body principles? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Whole body
movement
2. Trunk integration
3. Lower body training
4. Upper body training
5. Mobility & restoration
What are the four Outer units for Lumbopelvic stability? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Deep
longitudinal system
2. Anterior oblique sling
3. Posterior oblique sling
4. Lateral system
,What are the four Inner units of the Core work? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Diaphragm
2. Transverse abdominis
3. Multifidi
4. Pelvic floor
When and where was Joseph Pilates born? ------- Correct Ans ---------- Germany around 1883
When & why did Joseph Pilates begin creating the exercise system? ------- Correct Ans ----------
During internment to train the inmates
When and where did Joseph Pilates set up his first exercisie studio in America? ------- Correct
Ans ---------- NYC in 1926 - same building as NYC Ballet on 8th Ave.
What are some of the apparatuses and accessories that Joseph Pilates invented? ------- Correct
Ans ---------- Universal reformer, Wunda chair, Cadillac, Ladder barrel, Spine corrector, and other
inventions
When did Joseph Pilates pass away and how? ------- Correct Ans ---------- Complications from
smoke inhalation from the fire & soon after the studio was destroyed in 1967
When did Clara manage the studio after Joseph Pilates's death? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1967
to 1977
Name the Pilates Elders according to the Balanced Body Reformer Manual ------- Correct Ans ----
------ 1. Romana Kryzanowska
2. Eve Gentry
3. Ron Fletcher
4. Carola Trier
,5. Kathleen Stanford Grant
6. Lolita San Miguel
7. Mary Bown
What are the core muscles and their actions? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Transversus
abdominus
2. Diaphragm
3. Multifidi
4. Pelvic floor
Discuss breathing basics ------- Correct Ans ---------- Diaphragm is the ceiling of the core in the
inner unit.
It's the primary muscle for respiration.
Inhale - Spinal extension, lateral flexion, spinal rotation. Diaphragm retracts, dome moves down,
abdominal pressure increases, pelvic floor responds.
Exhale - Spinal flexion, lateral flexion, spinal rotation. Diaphragm relaxes, dome moves up,
transversus abdominus contracts, pelvic floor responds.
What are the major muscle groups, their names, and actions? ------- Correct Ans ---------- Traps -
neck area
Deltoid - upper exterior arm below shoulders
Pecs - upper chest
, Lats - under the shoulder blades in the back
Biceps
Serratus anterior - front ribs
Rectus abdominus - chain of abs
External oblique - love handle area
Anterior superior iliac spine - ASIS hip bones
Brachioradalis - forearms
Iliopsoas - near the pelvis
Gracilis - Inner thigh
Rectus femoris - Quad area
Vastus lateralis - Outer quad area
Vastus medialis - inner quad area near knee
Patella - knee
questions, Answers and Rationale
What are the nine Pilates principles? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Breathing
2. Concentration
3. Control
4. Centering
5. Precision
6. Balanced muscle development
7. Rhythm/flow
8. Whole body movement
9. Relaxation
What are the five Balanced Body principles? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Whole body
movement
2. Trunk integration
3. Lower body training
4. Upper body training
5. Mobility & restoration
What are the four Outer units for Lumbopelvic stability? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Deep
longitudinal system
2. Anterior oblique sling
3. Posterior oblique sling
4. Lateral system
,What are the four Inner units of the Core work? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Diaphragm
2. Transverse abdominis
3. Multifidi
4. Pelvic floor
When and where was Joseph Pilates born? ------- Correct Ans ---------- Germany around 1883
When & why did Joseph Pilates begin creating the exercise system? ------- Correct Ans ----------
During internment to train the inmates
When and where did Joseph Pilates set up his first exercisie studio in America? ------- Correct
Ans ---------- NYC in 1926 - same building as NYC Ballet on 8th Ave.
What are some of the apparatuses and accessories that Joseph Pilates invented? ------- Correct
Ans ---------- Universal reformer, Wunda chair, Cadillac, Ladder barrel, Spine corrector, and other
inventions
When did Joseph Pilates pass away and how? ------- Correct Ans ---------- Complications from
smoke inhalation from the fire & soon after the studio was destroyed in 1967
When did Clara manage the studio after Joseph Pilates's death? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1967
to 1977
Name the Pilates Elders according to the Balanced Body Reformer Manual ------- Correct Ans ----
------ 1. Romana Kryzanowska
2. Eve Gentry
3. Ron Fletcher
4. Carola Trier
,5. Kathleen Stanford Grant
6. Lolita San Miguel
7. Mary Bown
What are the core muscles and their actions? ------- Correct Ans ---------- 1. Transversus
abdominus
2. Diaphragm
3. Multifidi
4. Pelvic floor
Discuss breathing basics ------- Correct Ans ---------- Diaphragm is the ceiling of the core in the
inner unit.
It's the primary muscle for respiration.
Inhale - Spinal extension, lateral flexion, spinal rotation. Diaphragm retracts, dome moves down,
abdominal pressure increases, pelvic floor responds.
Exhale - Spinal flexion, lateral flexion, spinal rotation. Diaphragm relaxes, dome moves up,
transversus abdominus contracts, pelvic floor responds.
What are the major muscle groups, their names, and actions? ------- Correct Ans ---------- Traps -
neck area
Deltoid - upper exterior arm below shoulders
Pecs - upper chest
, Lats - under the shoulder blades in the back
Biceps
Serratus anterior - front ribs
Rectus abdominus - chain of abs
External oblique - love handle area
Anterior superior iliac spine - ASIS hip bones
Brachioradalis - forearms
Iliopsoas - near the pelvis
Gracilis - Inner thigh
Rectus femoris - Quad area
Vastus lateralis - Outer quad area
Vastus medialis - inner quad area near knee
Patella - knee
