AQA AS BIOLOGY CORE EXAM SET 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Coronary Arteries - ✔✔Arteries that supply blood to the cardiac muscle of the heart.
✔✔Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - ✔✔Any condition affecting the coronary arteries
that supply the heart muscle.
✔✔Correlation - ✔✔When a change in one variable is reflected by a change in the
second variable.
✔✔Denaturation - ✔✔Permanent changes due to the unravelling of the three-
dimensional structure of a protein as a result of factors such as changes in temperature
or pH.
✔✔Diastole - ✔✔The stage in the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔The movement of molecules or ions from a high concentration to a
low concentration.
✔✔Emphysema - ✔✔A disease in which the walls of the alveoli break down, reducing
the surface area for gaseous change, thereby causing breathlessness.
✔✔Enzyme - ✔✔A protein that acts as a catalyst and so alters the speed of a
biochemical reaction.
✔✔Epidemiology - ✔✔The study of the spread of disease and the factors that affect this
spread.
✔✔Eukaryotic Cell - ✔✔A cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and chromosomes,
also other organelles such as mitochondria.
✔✔Facilitated Diffusion - ✔✔Diffusion involving carrier proteins to allow the passive
movement of substances across plasma membranes.
✔✔High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) - ✔✔A compound of protein and lipid molecules
found in blood plasma. It transports cholesterol from other cells to the liver.
✔✔Histamine - ✔✔Substance released on tissue injury that causes dilation of blood
vessels.
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔The breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones by the
addition of water.
, ✔✔Immunity - ✔✔The means by which the body protects itself from infection.
✔✔Ion Channel - ✔✔A passage across a cell-surface membrane made up of a protein
that spans the membrane and opens and closes to allow ions to pass in and out of the
cell.
✔✔Isotonic - ✔✔A solution that has the same concentration of solutes and therefore the
same water potential.
✔✔Kinetic Energy - ✔✔Energy that an object possesses due to its motion.
✔✔Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) - ✔✔A compound containing both protein and lipid
molecules that occur in blood plasma and lymph. It carries cholesterol from the liver to
other cells.
✔✔Lumen - ✔✔The hollow cavity inside a tubular structure.
✔✔Lymph - ✔✔A slightly milky fluid found in lymph vessels and made up of tissue fluid,
fats and lymphocytes.
✔✔Lymphocytes - ✔✔Types of white blood cells repsonsible for the immune response.
They become activated in the presence of antigens.
✔✔Metabolism - ✔✔All the chemical processes which take place in living organisms.
✔✔Microvilli - ✔✔Tiny finger-like projections from the cell-surface membrane of some
animal cells.
✔✔Monomer - ✔✔One of many small molecules that combine to form a larger one
know as a polymer.
✔✔Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acid - ✔✔Fatty acid that posesses a carbon chain with a
single double bond.
✔✔Myocardial Infarction - ✔✔Results from the interruption of the blood supply to the
heart muscle, causing damage to an area of the heart with consequent disruption to its
function.
✔✔Necleotides - ✔✔Complex chemicals made up of an organic base, a sugar and
phosphate. Thay are the basic units of which nucleic acids DNA and RNA are made.
✔✔Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) - ✔✔Means of treating dehydration involving
giving, by mouth, a balanced solution of salts and glucose that stimulate the gut to
reabsorb water.
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Coronary Arteries - ✔✔Arteries that supply blood to the cardiac muscle of the heart.
✔✔Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - ✔✔Any condition affecting the coronary arteries
that supply the heart muscle.
✔✔Correlation - ✔✔When a change in one variable is reflected by a change in the
second variable.
✔✔Denaturation - ✔✔Permanent changes due to the unravelling of the three-
dimensional structure of a protein as a result of factors such as changes in temperature
or pH.
✔✔Diastole - ✔✔The stage in the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔The movement of molecules or ions from a high concentration to a
low concentration.
✔✔Emphysema - ✔✔A disease in which the walls of the alveoli break down, reducing
the surface area for gaseous change, thereby causing breathlessness.
✔✔Enzyme - ✔✔A protein that acts as a catalyst and so alters the speed of a
biochemical reaction.
✔✔Epidemiology - ✔✔The study of the spread of disease and the factors that affect this
spread.
✔✔Eukaryotic Cell - ✔✔A cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and chromosomes,
also other organelles such as mitochondria.
✔✔Facilitated Diffusion - ✔✔Diffusion involving carrier proteins to allow the passive
movement of substances across plasma membranes.
✔✔High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) - ✔✔A compound of protein and lipid molecules
found in blood plasma. It transports cholesterol from other cells to the liver.
✔✔Histamine - ✔✔Substance released on tissue injury that causes dilation of blood
vessels.
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔The breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones by the
addition of water.
, ✔✔Immunity - ✔✔The means by which the body protects itself from infection.
✔✔Ion Channel - ✔✔A passage across a cell-surface membrane made up of a protein
that spans the membrane and opens and closes to allow ions to pass in and out of the
cell.
✔✔Isotonic - ✔✔A solution that has the same concentration of solutes and therefore the
same water potential.
✔✔Kinetic Energy - ✔✔Energy that an object possesses due to its motion.
✔✔Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) - ✔✔A compound containing both protein and lipid
molecules that occur in blood plasma and lymph. It carries cholesterol from the liver to
other cells.
✔✔Lumen - ✔✔The hollow cavity inside a tubular structure.
✔✔Lymph - ✔✔A slightly milky fluid found in lymph vessels and made up of tissue fluid,
fats and lymphocytes.
✔✔Lymphocytes - ✔✔Types of white blood cells repsonsible for the immune response.
They become activated in the presence of antigens.
✔✔Metabolism - ✔✔All the chemical processes which take place in living organisms.
✔✔Microvilli - ✔✔Tiny finger-like projections from the cell-surface membrane of some
animal cells.
✔✔Monomer - ✔✔One of many small molecules that combine to form a larger one
know as a polymer.
✔✔Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acid - ✔✔Fatty acid that posesses a carbon chain with a
single double bond.
✔✔Myocardial Infarction - ✔✔Results from the interruption of the blood supply to the
heart muscle, causing damage to an area of the heart with consequent disruption to its
function.
✔✔Necleotides - ✔✔Complex chemicals made up of an organic base, a sugar and
phosphate. Thay are the basic units of which nucleic acids DNA and RNA are made.
✔✔Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) - ✔✔Means of treating dehydration involving
giving, by mouth, a balanced solution of salts and glucose that stimulate the gut to
reabsorb water.
