MLS 1114 UNIT 1 EXAM WITH ALL CORRECT & 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
Hematology Correct answer-the study of cellular components of blood, including: cell
identification, blood forming organs, blood related disorders, and hematology laboratory tests
Hemostasis Correct answer-the study of the mechanisms that the body employs to ensure balance
and order in the circulatory system
Hematocrit Correct answer-the percentage of packed RBC's in a given volume of centrifuged blood
Manual differential Correct answer-count 100 WBC's and the types on 100x with oil
Buffy coat Correct answer-makes up less than 1%, and made up of WBC's and platelets
EDTA Correct answer-lavender top tubes; binds Ca2+ to prevent clotting, ideal for microscopic
examination (doesn't lyse cells), best if tested within 24 hrs.
Na+ citrate Correct answer-blue top tubes (3.2% Na+ citrate); 1:9 ratio of citrate to blood, binds
calcium, exact volume is crucial
Zeta potential Correct answer-aggregation inhibited by the electrical charge on RBC's; decreases
when inflammatory proteins are increased
Acute phase protein Correct answer-promotes aggregation, blanket RBC's so they can be closer
together (CRP, fibrinogen)
Rouleaux Correct answer-penny stacking of RBC's
Trapped plasma Correct answer-falsely increases microhematocrit (excessive amounts between
RBC's) and can help find abnormalities this way
Microhematocrit Correct answer-quick screening test for anemia, uses small volume of blood in
capillary tube that is spun in a high speed centrifuge
Microhematocrit procedure Correct answer-1. fill 2 capillary tubes 3/4 way full with EDTA anti-
coagulated blood or from a finger stick
2. seal one end with clay
3. put in centrifuge with the open end toward the center
4. results must be within +/- 1% of eachother
5. report average as percent of packed RBC's compared to blood volume
Microhematocrit falsely increased results Correct answer-causes excessive trapped plasma
between RBC's (centrifuge speed is too slow or not for long enough so they aren't packed, or
poikilocytosis aka variation of RBC's shape so they are stacked higher than normal)
Microhematocrit falsely decreased results Correct answer--tissue fluids
-severe edema in pt.
-milking fingerstick
-hemolysis (excessive shaking)
-excessive (liquid) anticoagulants
, -improper clay seal
-cells lost during centrifugation
Three phases of ESR Correct answer-1. aggregation (lag) phase: RBC's come together and form
rouleaux
2. sedimentation (decantation) phase: aggregates fall out of solution when RBC's are denser than
plasma
3. packing phase: aggregates pack closely together
ESR Correct answer-measurement of rate that RBC's sediment in the period of 1 hour, relatively
nonspecific test for inflammatory processes
ESR elevated results Correct answer-anything that causes inflammation
-infections
-autoimmune
-pelvic inflammatory
-pregnancy
-Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
-multiple myeloma
cause rouleaux in-vivo
ESR procedure Correct answer-1. slowly push pipette through the top of the well
2. fill pipette to or beyond 0 mark at the top
3. make sure there's no air bubbles
4. place onto rack and let sit undisturbed for 1 hr.
5. record mm's of sedimentation
don't include Buffy coat
ESR reference ranges Correct answer--children: 0-10 mm/hr
-male <50: 0-15 mm/hr
-male >50: 0-20 mm/hr
-women <50: 0-20 mm/hr
-women >50: 0-30 mm/hr
ESR falsely increased results Correct answer--too warm of room temperature
-tilted tube
-agitation
ESR falsely decreased results Correct answer--clotted sample
-old sample
Characteristic of a well-made smear Correct answer-thumb print with rainbow at top, feathered
edge
Components of 'Wright stain' and how it works Correct answer-for peripheral blood and bone
marrow films; contain eosin (red) and methylene blue
Peripheral smear examination Correct answer-1. scan on 10x looking for unusual distribution of
cells
2. look for platelet clumps in feathered edge (redraw if you see any clumps - blue top and times by
1.1)
VERIFIED ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
Hematology Correct answer-the study of cellular components of blood, including: cell
identification, blood forming organs, blood related disorders, and hematology laboratory tests
Hemostasis Correct answer-the study of the mechanisms that the body employs to ensure balance
and order in the circulatory system
Hematocrit Correct answer-the percentage of packed RBC's in a given volume of centrifuged blood
Manual differential Correct answer-count 100 WBC's and the types on 100x with oil
Buffy coat Correct answer-makes up less than 1%, and made up of WBC's and platelets
EDTA Correct answer-lavender top tubes; binds Ca2+ to prevent clotting, ideal for microscopic
examination (doesn't lyse cells), best if tested within 24 hrs.
Na+ citrate Correct answer-blue top tubes (3.2% Na+ citrate); 1:9 ratio of citrate to blood, binds
calcium, exact volume is crucial
Zeta potential Correct answer-aggregation inhibited by the electrical charge on RBC's; decreases
when inflammatory proteins are increased
Acute phase protein Correct answer-promotes aggregation, blanket RBC's so they can be closer
together (CRP, fibrinogen)
Rouleaux Correct answer-penny stacking of RBC's
Trapped plasma Correct answer-falsely increases microhematocrit (excessive amounts between
RBC's) and can help find abnormalities this way
Microhematocrit Correct answer-quick screening test for anemia, uses small volume of blood in
capillary tube that is spun in a high speed centrifuge
Microhematocrit procedure Correct answer-1. fill 2 capillary tubes 3/4 way full with EDTA anti-
coagulated blood or from a finger stick
2. seal one end with clay
3. put in centrifuge with the open end toward the center
4. results must be within +/- 1% of eachother
5. report average as percent of packed RBC's compared to blood volume
Microhematocrit falsely increased results Correct answer-causes excessive trapped plasma
between RBC's (centrifuge speed is too slow or not for long enough so they aren't packed, or
poikilocytosis aka variation of RBC's shape so they are stacked higher than normal)
Microhematocrit falsely decreased results Correct answer--tissue fluids
-severe edema in pt.
-milking fingerstick
-hemolysis (excessive shaking)
-excessive (liquid) anticoagulants
, -improper clay seal
-cells lost during centrifugation
Three phases of ESR Correct answer-1. aggregation (lag) phase: RBC's come together and form
rouleaux
2. sedimentation (decantation) phase: aggregates fall out of solution when RBC's are denser than
plasma
3. packing phase: aggregates pack closely together
ESR Correct answer-measurement of rate that RBC's sediment in the period of 1 hour, relatively
nonspecific test for inflammatory processes
ESR elevated results Correct answer-anything that causes inflammation
-infections
-autoimmune
-pelvic inflammatory
-pregnancy
-Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
-multiple myeloma
cause rouleaux in-vivo
ESR procedure Correct answer-1. slowly push pipette through the top of the well
2. fill pipette to or beyond 0 mark at the top
3. make sure there's no air bubbles
4. place onto rack and let sit undisturbed for 1 hr.
5. record mm's of sedimentation
don't include Buffy coat
ESR reference ranges Correct answer--children: 0-10 mm/hr
-male <50: 0-15 mm/hr
-male >50: 0-20 mm/hr
-women <50: 0-20 mm/hr
-women >50: 0-30 mm/hr
ESR falsely increased results Correct answer--too warm of room temperature
-tilted tube
-agitation
ESR falsely decreased results Correct answer--clotted sample
-old sample
Characteristic of a well-made smear Correct answer-thumb print with rainbow at top, feathered
edge
Components of 'Wright stain' and how it works Correct answer-for peripheral blood and bone
marrow films; contain eosin (red) and methylene blue
Peripheral smear examination Correct answer-1. scan on 10x looking for unusual distribution of
cells
2. look for platelet clumps in feathered edge (redraw if you see any clumps - blue top and times by
1.1)
