NR507 Midterm Exam Study Guide 2025/2026 –
Advanced Pathophysiology – Chamberlain
University | 100+ Verified Questions & Correct
Answers | A+ Prep Guide
Module: Cellular Function
Question 1
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
A: Globulin
B: Albumin
C: Clotting factors
D: Complement proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albumin (~60%, ~4 g/dL) maintains oncotic pressure and is the most abundant
plasma protein. A is less abundant. C and D are specialized, not primary in quantity.
Question 2
Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
A: Cells have broken through the basement membrane
B: Cells have invaded surrounding tissue
C: Cells remain localized in glandular or squamous cells
D: Cellular alterations indicate dysplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a preinvasive malignancy confined to the epithelium. A
and B describe invasive cancer. D refers to precancerous changes, not CIS.
Question 3
What is an immature, undifferentiated cell capable of infinite division when stimulated?
A: Stem cell
B: Progenitor cell
C: Differentiated cell
D: Tumor cell
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stem cells are undifferentiated with infinite division potential. B has limited division.
C is specialized. D is abnormal and not necessarily undifferentiated.
Question 4
Anaphylaxis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A: Type I
, B: Type II
C: Type III
D: Type IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a Type I (IgE-mediated) reaction with mast cell degranulation. B is
cytotoxic, C is immune complex-mediated, D is cell-mediated.
Question 5
What is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide?
A: Genetic mutations
B: Malnutrition
C: Autoimmune diseases
D: Viral infections
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malnutrition is the leading cause of secondary immune deficiencies globally,
impairing immune function. A causes primary deficiencies. C and D are less common causes.
Question 6
Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by:
A: IgE
B: IgG or IgM
C: T cells
D: Complement proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type II reactions involve IgG/IgM targeting cell antigens, causing cytotoxicity. A is
Type I. C is Type IV. D is a mechanism, not a mediator.
Question 7
What is the process of programmed cell death?
A: Necrosis
B: Apoptosis
C: Autophagy
D: Mitosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled cell death without inflammation. A is uncontrolled death. C is
cellular recycling. D is cell division.
Question 8
What is the primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system?
A: Cellular metabolism
B: Solar radiation
C: Geothermal heat
D: Mitochondrial ATP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Solar radiation drives Earth’s climate system, influencing cellular and systemic
homeostasis indirectly. A and D are cellular processes. C is minor in climate.
Advanced Pathophysiology – Chamberlain
University | 100+ Verified Questions & Correct
Answers | A+ Prep Guide
Module: Cellular Function
Question 1
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
A: Globulin
B: Albumin
C: Clotting factors
D: Complement proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albumin (~60%, ~4 g/dL) maintains oncotic pressure and is the most abundant
plasma protein. A is less abundant. C and D are specialized, not primary in quantity.
Question 2
Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
A: Cells have broken through the basement membrane
B: Cells have invaded surrounding tissue
C: Cells remain localized in glandular or squamous cells
D: Cellular alterations indicate dysplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a preinvasive malignancy confined to the epithelium. A
and B describe invasive cancer. D refers to precancerous changes, not CIS.
Question 3
What is an immature, undifferentiated cell capable of infinite division when stimulated?
A: Stem cell
B: Progenitor cell
C: Differentiated cell
D: Tumor cell
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stem cells are undifferentiated with infinite division potential. B has limited division.
C is specialized. D is abnormal and not necessarily undifferentiated.
Question 4
Anaphylaxis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A: Type I
, B: Type II
C: Type III
D: Type IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a Type I (IgE-mediated) reaction with mast cell degranulation. B is
cytotoxic, C is immune complex-mediated, D is cell-mediated.
Question 5
What is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies worldwide?
A: Genetic mutations
B: Malnutrition
C: Autoimmune diseases
D: Viral infections
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malnutrition is the leading cause of secondary immune deficiencies globally,
impairing immune function. A causes primary deficiencies. C and D are less common causes.
Question 6
Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by:
A: IgE
B: IgG or IgM
C: T cells
D: Complement proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type II reactions involve IgG/IgM targeting cell antigens, causing cytotoxicity. A is
Type I. C is Type IV. D is a mechanism, not a mediator.
Question 7
What is the process of programmed cell death?
A: Necrosis
B: Apoptosis
C: Autophagy
D: Mitosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled cell death without inflammation. A is uncontrolled death. C is
cellular recycling. D is cell division.
Question 8
What is the primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system?
A: Cellular metabolism
B: Solar radiation
C: Geothermal heat
D: Mitochondrial ATP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Solar radiation drives Earth’s climate system, influencing cellular and systemic
homeostasis indirectly. A and D are cellular processes. C is minor in climate.
