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Samenvatting les: detectie DNA of mRNA (ISH maar ook spatial transcriptomics)

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Hoofdstuk 5: Detectie DNA of mRNA (ISH maar ook spatial transcriptomics) ....................................... 2
1) ISH: Inleiding.................................................................................................................................... 2
A) Detectie DNA in genoom ............................................................................................................ 2
B) Detectie van intracellulair mRNA in cellen/weefsel ................................................................... 3
2) ISH-techniek .................................................................................................................................... 3
3) Probes.............................................................................................................................................. 3
Soorten probes ................................................................................................................................ 3
Grootte van probes ......................................................................................................................... 4
Voorbeelden van DNA probes ......................................................................................................... 4
Voorbeelden van RNA probe ........................................................................................................... 4
4) Stappen in een ISH experiment ....................................................................................................... 4
4.1 Merken van een DNA/RNA probe ............................................................................................. 5
Merken van een DNA-probe ....................................................................................................... 5
Merken van een RNA-probe ........................................................................................................ 5
4.2 Fixatie van het preparaat .......................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Voorbereiding van het preparaat .............................................................................................. 6
4.4 Denaturatie en hybridisatie ....................................................................................................... 7
4.5 Post-hybridisatiestappen........................................................................................................... 8
4.6 Detectie ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Bij FISH → fluorochromen als merkers ....................................................................................... 8
Enzymatische merkers als HRP en AP ......................................................................................... 8
Toepassing van ISH op EM preparaten → visualisatie van probe-doelwit hybriden via coloïdaal
goud ............................................................................................................................................. 8
5) Toepassingen van in situ hybridisatie ............................................................................................. 9
5.1 Toepassing van ISH in de cytogenetica ..................................................................................... 9
5.2 Toepassing van ISH in de hematologie ...................................................................................... 9
5.3 Toepassing van ISH bij de diagnostiek van infectie ziekten .................................................... 10
5.4 Toepassing van ISH voor de lokalisatie van genexpressie ....................................................... 10
6) RNAscope en BaseScope ISH ......................................................................................................... 11
RNAscope ...................................................................................................................................... 11
....................................................................................................................................................... 12
....................................................................................................................................................... 12
BaseScope: next generation in situ hybridization ......................................................................... 12
7) miRNAscope .................................................................................................................................. 12
8) Spatial transcriptomics (ST) ........................................................................................................... 13
Verschillende opdelingen .............................................................................................................. 13




1

, Technieken voor de lokalisatie van specifieke bestanddelen:
1) Immunohistochemische kleurtechniek (IHC)
2) Detectie DNA of mRNA (ISH maar ook spatial transcriptomics)

Hoofdstuk 5: Detectie DNA of mRNA (ISH maar ook spatial
transcriptomics)

Soms geen antilichamen beschikbaar voor detecteren eiwit → mRNA detecteren
MAAR HET IS NIET OMDAT MRNA AANWEZIG IS, DAT ER OOK EEN EIWIT IS


1) ISH: Inleiding

• ‘in situ hybridisatie’ (ISH) techniek
o gelabelde DNA/RNA strengen (probes)
→ specifieke nucleïnezuursequenties (DNA of mRNA)
in histologische en cytologische preparaten (in situ)
▪ In Situ* = reactie gebeurt op de originele weefsels, cellen of geïsoleerde
chromosomen (niet in een test tube of een blot)
→ exacte plaats te kennen van de te detecteren DNA sequentie in het
genoom of RNA in cellen/weefsel

*Detectie van nucleotiden is ook mogelijk via Southern blotting & Northern blotting & micro-arrays,
maar deze zijn allemaal geen in situ !

A) Detectie DNA in genoom

• Gebeurde in eerste instantie op een metafase-chromosoomspreiding na colcemide- of
colchicine behandeling (inhibitie van tubuline-bevattende mitotische spoelfiguur),
gevolgd door hypotonische shock (leidt tot mooie spreiding van de gecondenseerde
chromosomen na openbreking van de opgezwollen cellen met gedissocieerde
kernmembraan)
• Later ook op cellen in interfase of zelfs op kernen in weefsel
• FISH
o = fluorescentie in situ hybridisatie
o met polynucleotideprobes gemerkt met fluorochromen




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