BCH 330 Final Exam questions with answers

BCH 330 Final Exam questions with answers
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A _____ protein known as ____ contains 3 AMINO ACIDS that
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undergo an oxidative reaction to form an intense _____
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fluorophore. This protein is remarkably useful because the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


fluorophore is _____. Importantly, GFP can be attached to form a
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____ with a second protein of interest during standard cloning
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procedures. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔β-barrel, GFP, intrinsic, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


encoded in the amino acid sequence, fusion protein
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_____ is a support medium that has two functions: 1) prevents
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molecules from diffusing into broad bands 2) provides a sieving
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material that obstructs the movement of larger particles more
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than smaller ones, allowing them to separate.
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The term _______ refers to a specific gel layer technique that
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"focuses" a protein band. The mechanism involves creating a
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large voltage gradient between Cl- and the _____ in a later called
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the _______, which has a reduced pH. - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Polyacrylamide, discontinuous gel, glycinate zwitterion, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


stacking gel |\




The following equation is the analytical version of the principle of
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______________________
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the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the
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product of the activities or concentrations of the reactants
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,∆G= ∆G₀ + RTlnQ, where Q=[C][D]/[A][B] - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔mass action |\




What emphasizes the relative contributions of enthalpic and
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entropic energies to the stabilization of globular proteins? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hydrophobic effect |\ |\ |\




What does ∆G stand for? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔standard state
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free energy
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What is calculated by the following equation?
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K = [products] / [reactants] - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔equilibrium
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constant


H = U + PV
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Describes the energy absorbed/released during the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


making/breaking of bonds. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Enthalpy
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(∆H)


∆H describes the energy associated with ______. - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔bond breakage/dissociation |\ |\




The term ∆S refers to _____, which is defined as ______. -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔entropy, number of available |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


configurations

,_______ are dependent only on the total concentration of a solute
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species. Examples include pressure lowering, boiling point
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elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔colligative properties |\ |\ |\




_______ is the phenomena by which H₂O tries to dilute the
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counterions that are bound to the macromolecule. This makes |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


the concentration of H₂O higher near the molecule than in the
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bulk solution. This results in the property of _____ in which a
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charged protein or nucleic acid contains an electrostricted ion-
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H₂O shell. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Donan effect, electrostriction
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colligative properties may also be related |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




________ defines the concentration dependence of ∆G. One
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example is that it drives osmotic pressure.
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μ = ∆G/∆n = ∆G/(∆cV) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔chemical
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potenial


________ definitions and their equations are used to describe a
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derivative when one or more other variables are held constant -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔partial differentials |\ |\ |\




∆U = q + w
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, where ∆U refers to the _____ of a ______, as contributed to by
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______ (q) and work (w). The amount of energy it takes to go from
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one state to another.
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ΔU = TΔS + uΔn - PΔV - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔internal energy,
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system, heat |\




_____ (___) has the dimensions of energy and can be used to
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calculate ______ using the following equation: |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




¹/₂ KbT, where Kb = 1.381x10^-23 JK^-1 - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Boltzman's contant (Kb), degrees of freedom |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Q = Σj cj = Σj exp (-ΔGj/RT) describes _______, which is the ratio
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of concentrations of a compound in a mixture of two immiscible
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phases at equilibrium. This ratio is therefore a measure of the
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difference in solubility of the compound in these two phases. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Example of this is dissolving benzene in H₂O (Csw) vs. oil (Cso) or
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the difference between an AA presence in water or benzene to
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determine its hydrophobicity/philicity - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


✔✔partition coefficient |\




d ln Keq / d (1/T) = -ΔH°/R
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ln Keq = -∆H/RT + ∆S/R
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