TMN3702 Assignment 3 2025 ANSWERS - Due 31 July 2025

TMN3701
ASSIGNMENT 3 2025
DUE: 31 JULY 2025




SEMESTER 2 2025

, TMN3702
ASSIGNMENT 3 2025
DUE: 31 JULY 2025


QUESTION 1: TEACHNG READING AND VIEWING



1.1 Explain the difference between bottom-up and top-down approaches to
reading.

The bottom-up approach to reading begins with decoding letters and sounds,
progressing through morphemes, words, and sentences to reach meaning. It relies on
the reader’s ability to decode language starting from phonics (TMN3702/1, Learning
Unit 4, p. 64). In contrast, the top-down approach assumes that meaning is derived
from the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, and predictions, rather than word-for-
word decoding (TMN3702/1, Learning Unit 4, p. 64–65). Readers use the context,
visuals, and background knowledge to interpret the text, even when not all vocabulary
is understood.


1.2 Examples in a Grade 4 English HL Classroom


Bottom-up example -Using phonic flashcards to sound out difficult words from the story
“The Lion and the Mouse”. This supports letter and sound recognition, a key feature of
the bottom-up model (TMN3702/1, Learning Unit 4, p. 64).


Top-down example - Before reading, learners predict the storyline using the title and
pictures. This draws on their background knowledge and aligns with the top-down
strategy (TMN3702/1, Learning Unit 4, p. 65).