PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RASMUSSEN EXAM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
passive immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Transfer of preformed antibodies
against a specific antigen from a protected or immunized individual to an
unprotected or non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS- IgA in breast milk,
maternal IgG crossing the placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of
antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range (intercellular cation) - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- 135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5
mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- 23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypokalemia
1
,Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS- hyponatremia /
hypernatremia
Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypophosphatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Hypermagnesemia
condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - CORRECT-ANSWERS- hypocalcemia
2
, condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the study of abnormalities in
physiologic functioning of living beings
Pathology - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the study and diagnosis of disease
through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology - CORRECT-ANSWERS- The study of the causes and origins of
disease
4 topics of pathophysiology - CORRECT-ANSWERS- etiology,
pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment
pathogenesis - CORRECT-ANSWERS- development or evolution of a
disease
clinical manifestation - CORRECT-ANSWERS- signs and symptoms or
evidence of disease
exacerbation - CORRECT-ANSWERS- a relatively sudden increase in the
severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptom
remission - CORRECT-ANSWERS- decline in severity of symptoms
sequela - CORRECT-ANSWERS- a disorder or condition usually resulting
from a previous disease or injury
acute - CORRECT-ANSWERS- sudden onset and short duration
3
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
passive immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Transfer of preformed antibodies
against a specific antigen from a protected or immunized individual to an
unprotected or non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERS- IgA in breast milk,
maternal IgG crossing the placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of
antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range (intercellular cation) - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- 135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5
mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- 23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypokalemia
1
,Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS- hyponatremia /
hypernatremia
Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypophosphatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Hypermagnesemia
condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - CORRECT-ANSWERS- hypocalcemia
2
, condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the study of abnormalities in
physiologic functioning of living beings
Pathology - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the study and diagnosis of disease
through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology - CORRECT-ANSWERS- The study of the causes and origins of
disease
4 topics of pathophysiology - CORRECT-ANSWERS- etiology,
pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment
pathogenesis - CORRECT-ANSWERS- development or evolution of a
disease
clinical manifestation - CORRECT-ANSWERS- signs and symptoms or
evidence of disease
exacerbation - CORRECT-ANSWERS- a relatively sudden increase in the
severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptom
remission - CORRECT-ANSWERS- decline in severity of symptoms
sequela - CORRECT-ANSWERS- a disorder or condition usually resulting
from a previous disease or injury
acute - CORRECT-ANSWERS- sudden onset and short duration
3
