FPCC EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Chain of infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
Infectious agent - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pathogens- capable of causing disease
Reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a place where pathogens survive and multiply
human body is the most common
portal of exit - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅for infection to spread, a pathogen must exit the reservoir.
most frequent is through body fluids
trasmission: direct & indirect contract - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅direct- involves touching, kissing
indirect- involves contact w/ a fomite, a contaminated object that transfers a pathogen
most common*
Contact indications & barrier protection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅infections
private room or cohort patient
gloves & gown (all PPE)
Droplet transmission - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅when the pathogen travels in water droplets expelled as
an infected person exhales, coughs, sneezes, or talks
,Droplet indications & barrier protection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the flu
private or cohort room
surgical mask within 3 ft
mask on patient when transporting
Airborne transmission - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅for pathogens that are very small & remain infectious
over long distances when suspended in the air & easily transmitted through air currents
ex. fanning linens, ventilating systems
Airborne indications & barrier protection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅TB, chickenpox, measles
private room
negative airflow pressure
door closed except entering/exiting
UV air filter
mask (n95)
mask on patient when transporting
patient leaves room ONLY if necessary
Protective isolation indications & environment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅immunosuppressed patient:
chemotherapy, transplant, burns
private room
positive airflow
no plants or fresh fruits
full PPE
,Vector - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅organism that carries a pathogen to a susceptible host by biting or
stinging, creating another portal of entry into the body
Portal of entry - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅normal body openings such as the eye, nostrils, mouth, urethra,
vagina and anus
abnormal openings such as cuts, scrapes, and surgical incisions
Susceptible host - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a person who is at risk for infection bc of inadequate defenses
against the invading pathogen
Primary defense mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅skin-tough & resilient, prevents entry of
pathogens
respiratory tract- mucous membranes that trap pathogens; cilia; cough & sneezing expel organisms
eye- tears wash infective organisms from eyes
mouth-saliva washes microbes from teeth & gums
gi tract- acidic environment; vomiting & diarrhea
gu tract- protected w/ mucous membranes
How can nursing care support the body's natural primary defenses against infection? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅watching for impaired skin integrity
hygiene of the patient
make sure patient is breathing properly
eyes are protected
mouth is clean
no GI, GU or bowel problems
Goals in infection control - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅prevent exposure
support patients natural defenses
early detection
, eliminate or reduce infection
educate in infection prevention & control
lifestyle factors that decrease infection risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅immunizations
nutrition
hygiene
rest & sleep
exercise
stress reduction
Local infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cause harm in limited region of the body
systemic infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅occur when pathogens invade the blood or lymph and
spread throughout the body
primary infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅first infection that occurs in the patient
secondary infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅follow a primary infection
ex. client with pneumonia may develop shingles related to stress of illness
acute infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅resolves quickly
ex. flu- comes & goes
chronic infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅slower onset, doesn't go away like you want it to.
latent infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sneaky/hiding infection. might not even know you're sick
ex. HIV, TB
Chain of infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
Infectious agent - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pathogens- capable of causing disease
Reservoir - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a place where pathogens survive and multiply
human body is the most common
portal of exit - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅for infection to spread, a pathogen must exit the reservoir.
most frequent is through body fluids
trasmission: direct & indirect contract - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅direct- involves touching, kissing
indirect- involves contact w/ a fomite, a contaminated object that transfers a pathogen
most common*
Contact indications & barrier protection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅infections
private room or cohort patient
gloves & gown (all PPE)
Droplet transmission - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅when the pathogen travels in water droplets expelled as
an infected person exhales, coughs, sneezes, or talks
,Droplet indications & barrier protection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the flu
private or cohort room
surgical mask within 3 ft
mask on patient when transporting
Airborne transmission - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅for pathogens that are very small & remain infectious
over long distances when suspended in the air & easily transmitted through air currents
ex. fanning linens, ventilating systems
Airborne indications & barrier protection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅TB, chickenpox, measles
private room
negative airflow pressure
door closed except entering/exiting
UV air filter
mask (n95)
mask on patient when transporting
patient leaves room ONLY if necessary
Protective isolation indications & environment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅immunosuppressed patient:
chemotherapy, transplant, burns
private room
positive airflow
no plants or fresh fruits
full PPE
,Vector - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅organism that carries a pathogen to a susceptible host by biting or
stinging, creating another portal of entry into the body
Portal of entry - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅normal body openings such as the eye, nostrils, mouth, urethra,
vagina and anus
abnormal openings such as cuts, scrapes, and surgical incisions
Susceptible host - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a person who is at risk for infection bc of inadequate defenses
against the invading pathogen
Primary defense mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅skin-tough & resilient, prevents entry of
pathogens
respiratory tract- mucous membranes that trap pathogens; cilia; cough & sneezing expel organisms
eye- tears wash infective organisms from eyes
mouth-saliva washes microbes from teeth & gums
gi tract- acidic environment; vomiting & diarrhea
gu tract- protected w/ mucous membranes
How can nursing care support the body's natural primary defenses against infection? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅watching for impaired skin integrity
hygiene of the patient
make sure patient is breathing properly
eyes are protected
mouth is clean
no GI, GU or bowel problems
Goals in infection control - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅prevent exposure
support patients natural defenses
early detection
, eliminate or reduce infection
educate in infection prevention & control
lifestyle factors that decrease infection risk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅immunizations
nutrition
hygiene
rest & sleep
exercise
stress reduction
Local infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cause harm in limited region of the body
systemic infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅occur when pathogens invade the blood or lymph and
spread throughout the body
primary infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅first infection that occurs in the patient
secondary infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅follow a primary infection
ex. client with pneumonia may develop shingles related to stress of illness
acute infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅resolves quickly
ex. flu- comes & goes
chronic infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅slower onset, doesn't go away like you want it to.
latent infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sneaky/hiding infection. might not even know you're sick
ex. HIV, TB
