Chapter 18: Microbial Pathogenesis
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Genomic islands have all of the following features EXCEPT
a. they are flanked by phage or plasmid genes.
b. the ratio of GC/AT nucleases.
c. they do not need toxins or secretion systems.
d. they encode clusters of genes that contribute to the fitness of the organism.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 18.1
OBJ: 18.1a Differentiate between pathogenicity genes and pathogenicity islands.
MSC: Analyzing
2. Which statement about horizontal gene transfer is correct?
a. Few pathogenicity islands are generated by horizontal transmission.
b. Horizontal gene transfers move whole blocks of DNA from one organism to another.
c. Horizontal gene transfer helps pathogens evolve.
d. All genes code for toxins.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 18.1
OBJ: 18.1b Correlate horizontal gene transfer with pathogen evolution.
MSC: Analyzing
3. All of the following are methods of microbial attachment EXCEPT
a. capsids. c. fimbriae.
b. pili. d. type IV secretion systems.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2b Describe various microbial attachment techniques. MSC: Remembering
4. The fimbriae of E. coli is an example of a(n)
a. adhesion. c. endotoxin.
b. receptor. d. exotoxin.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2b Describe various microbial attachment techniques. MSC: Understanding
5. Type I pili are different from type IV pili in that type I pili
a. are static structures. c. allow for twitching motility.
b. are thin and flexible. d. are dynamic.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2c Differentiate the structure and function of type I and type IV pili.
MSC: Understanding
6. Interfering with microbial attachment results in
a. making a pathogenic organism nonvirulent.
b. disrupting toxin production.
, c. increased formation of microbial biofilms.
d. increased virulence.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2c Differentiate the structure and function of type I and type IV pili.
MSC: Analyzing
7. Biofilm infections are important clinically because
a. WBC easily penetrate biofilms.
b. bacteria in biofilms are more susceptible to antimicrobial compounds.
c. bacteria in biofilms can persist against host defenses.
d. bacteria in biofilms do not grown on medical devices.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2d Discuss the role of biofilms in pathogenicity. MSC: Understanding
8. All of the following are exotoxins EXCEPT
a. superantigens. c. plasma membrane disruption toxins.
b. AB toxins. d. lipopolysaccharide.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 18.3
OBJ: 18.3a Describe the nine basic cellular targets for bacterial toxins.
MSC: Remembering
9. All of the following are targets for bacterial toxins EXCEPT
a. signal transduction. c. DNA synthesis.
b. host membranes. d. protein synthesis.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 18.3
OBJ: 18.3a Describe the nine basic cellular targets for bacterial toxins.
MSC: Understanding
10. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Hemolysins lyse red blood cells.
b. Leukocidins destroy neutrophils.
c. AB toxins interfere with protein synthesis.
d. Protease exotoxins build proteins.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 18.3
OBJ: 18.3a Describe the nine basic cellular targets for bacterial toxins.
MSC: Applying
11. Alpha toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus is a
a. hyaluronidase. c. kinase.
b. leucocidin. d. hemolysin.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 18.3
OBJ: 18.3b Explain the modes of action for staphylococcal alpha toxin, cholera toxin, diphtheria
toxin, Shiga toxin, and anthrax toxin. MSC: Remembering
12. All of the following are true about cholera toxin EXCEPT that it
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Genomic islands have all of the following features EXCEPT
a. they are flanked by phage or plasmid genes.
b. the ratio of GC/AT nucleases.
c. they do not need toxins or secretion systems.
d. they encode clusters of genes that contribute to the fitness of the organism.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 18.1
OBJ: 18.1a Differentiate between pathogenicity genes and pathogenicity islands.
MSC: Analyzing
2. Which statement about horizontal gene transfer is correct?
a. Few pathogenicity islands are generated by horizontal transmission.
b. Horizontal gene transfers move whole blocks of DNA from one organism to another.
c. Horizontal gene transfer helps pathogens evolve.
d. All genes code for toxins.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 18.1
OBJ: 18.1b Correlate horizontal gene transfer with pathogen evolution.
MSC: Analyzing
3. All of the following are methods of microbial attachment EXCEPT
a. capsids. c. fimbriae.
b. pili. d. type IV secretion systems.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2b Describe various microbial attachment techniques. MSC: Remembering
4. The fimbriae of E. coli is an example of a(n)
a. adhesion. c. endotoxin.
b. receptor. d. exotoxin.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2b Describe various microbial attachment techniques. MSC: Understanding
5. Type I pili are different from type IV pili in that type I pili
a. are static structures. c. allow for twitching motility.
b. are thin and flexible. d. are dynamic.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2c Differentiate the structure and function of type I and type IV pili.
MSC: Understanding
6. Interfering with microbial attachment results in
a. making a pathogenic organism nonvirulent.
b. disrupting toxin production.
, c. increased formation of microbial biofilms.
d. increased virulence.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2c Differentiate the structure and function of type I and type IV pili.
MSC: Analyzing
7. Biofilm infections are important clinically because
a. WBC easily penetrate biofilms.
b. bacteria in biofilms are more susceptible to antimicrobial compounds.
c. bacteria in biofilms can persist against host defenses.
d. bacteria in biofilms do not grown on medical devices.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 18.2
OBJ: 18.2d Discuss the role of biofilms in pathogenicity. MSC: Understanding
8. All of the following are exotoxins EXCEPT
a. superantigens. c. plasma membrane disruption toxins.
b. AB toxins. d. lipopolysaccharide.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 18.3
OBJ: 18.3a Describe the nine basic cellular targets for bacterial toxins.
MSC: Remembering
9. All of the following are targets for bacterial toxins EXCEPT
a. signal transduction. c. DNA synthesis.
b. host membranes. d. protein synthesis.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 18.3
OBJ: 18.3a Describe the nine basic cellular targets for bacterial toxins.
MSC: Understanding
10. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Hemolysins lyse red blood cells.
b. Leukocidins destroy neutrophils.
c. AB toxins interfere with protein synthesis.
d. Protease exotoxins build proteins.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 18.3
OBJ: 18.3a Describe the nine basic cellular targets for bacterial toxins.
MSC: Applying
11. Alpha toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus is a
a. hyaluronidase. c. kinase.
b. leucocidin. d. hemolysin.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 18.3
OBJ: 18.3b Explain the modes of action for staphylococcal alpha toxin, cholera toxin, diphtheria
toxin, Shiga toxin, and anthrax toxin. MSC: Remembering
12. All of the following are true about cholera toxin EXCEPT that it
