NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM AND
TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY)
Apoptosis - ANSWER: A programmed cell death that is regulated
or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or
unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - ANSWER: Rapid loss of the plasma membrane
structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis
(especially the kidney and heart) - ANSWER: hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ANSWER: ischemia
Main component of a cell - ANSWER: nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - ANSWER: nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - ANSWER: RNA, most of
cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important? - ANSWER: histones bind to DNA and
fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell
division
What are ribosomes? - ANSWER: RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and
secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? - ANSWER: cytoplasm and
rough ER
what are ribosomes chief function? - ANSWER: provides sits for
cellular protein synthesis
,NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM AND
TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY)
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - ANSWER: a network of
flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near
the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ANSWER: takes proteins
from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-
bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs
traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ANSWER: maintain
cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal
of useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and
signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes? - ANSWER: leads to
progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the
regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ANSWER:
nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will
translate them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism
toward either proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ANSWER: cellular
respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? -
ANSWER: enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to
the process of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of
the cell's ATP
, NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM AND
TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY)
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1),
involve what two things (2), and metabolizes what three things
(3)? - ANSWER: 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form
metabolic dearangements? - ANSWER: carbs, proteins, and
lipids
What is physiologic atrophy? - ANSWER: occurs in early
development. ex: thymus glad during childhood
What is pathologic atrophy? - ANSWER: occurs as a result of
decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, and
hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to
decreased hormonal stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed
for a prolonged time
what is hypertrophy? - ANSWER: increase in cell size
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - ANSWER:
hypertrophy of myocardial cells from endurance training
example of pathologic hypertrophy - ANSWER: cardiomegaly in a
hypertensive patient
What is hyperplasia? - ANSWER: increase in the number of cells
example of compensatory hyperplasia? - ANSWER: regeneration
of the liver
TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY)
Apoptosis - ANSWER: A programmed cell death that is regulated
or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or
unwanted cell populations
Necrosis - ANSWER: Rapid loss of the plasma membrane
structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis
(especially the kidney and heart) - ANSWER: hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - ANSWER: ischemia
Main component of a cell - ANSWER: nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - ANSWER: nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - ANSWER: RNA, most of
cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important? - ANSWER: histones bind to DNA and
fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell
division
What are ribosomes? - ANSWER: RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and
secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? - ANSWER: cytoplasm and
rough ER
what are ribosomes chief function? - ANSWER: provides sits for
cellular protein synthesis
,NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM AND
TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY)
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - ANSWER: a network of
flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near
the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ANSWER: takes proteins
from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-
bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs
traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ANSWER: maintain
cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal
of useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and
signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes? - ANSWER: leads to
progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the
regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - ANSWER:
nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will
translate them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism
toward either proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - ANSWER: cellular
respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? -
ANSWER: enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to
the process of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of
the cell's ATP
, NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM AND
TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY)
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1),
involve what two things (2), and metabolizes what three things
(3)? - ANSWER: 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form
metabolic dearangements? - ANSWER: carbs, proteins, and
lipids
What is physiologic atrophy? - ANSWER: occurs in early
development. ex: thymus glad during childhood
What is pathologic atrophy? - ANSWER: occurs as a result of
decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, and
hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to
decreased hormonal stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed
for a prolonged time
what is hypertrophy? - ANSWER: increase in cell size
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - ANSWER:
hypertrophy of myocardial cells from endurance training
example of pathologic hypertrophy - ANSWER: cardiomegaly in a
hypertensive patient
What is hyperplasia? - ANSWER: increase in the number of cells
example of compensatory hyperplasia? - ANSWER: regeneration
of the liver
