AQA AS Biology Exam Questions and Answers |Complete Solutions Graded A+ |100% Correct
What are bacteria Group of single celled prokaryotes
What are archaea and how do they differ from bacteria A group of single-celled prokaryotes,
no murein in the cell wall and their genes and protein synthesis are more similar to eukaryotes
What are eukarya Group of organisms made up of one or more eukaryotic cells
How many kingdoms is the eukarya domain split into and what are the names of these
kingdoms 4
Protoctista- mostly unicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic feeders
Fungi- mostly multicellular, have membrane bound organelles and are heterotrophic feeders
Plantae- Multicellular, capable of sexual reproduction, eukaryotic autotrophs
Animalia- Multicellular, eukaryotes with specialised tissues and organs, heterotrophic
How do you represent phylogenetic relationships between organisms Phylogenetic tree
Definition of a species A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
What does each species have It's own niche
How are species named? What is the acronym? Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
,Species
King prawn curry or fat greasy sausages
What is the name of the system used to name species Binomial system
How does courtship behaviour ensure successful mating Recognise members of their own
species, form a pair bond, synchronise mating
What is the equation for Simpsons Diversity index D = 1 - (∑(n/N)^2)
What is the definition of species richness Number of different species in the habitat
What is the definition of species eveness Relative abundance of individual species or how
many of each species there are
Definition of biodiversity and what is it broken down into Variety in the living world, broken
into species, genetic and ecosystem diversity
Why is high biodiversity a good thing Community made up of different species, so will
survive a change
What is a genome The entire DNA of an organism
What is a gene segment of DNA that codes for a protein
What do genes code for Specific proteins
,What does the nucleus of a cell contain Chromosomes on which genes are located
What is DNA molecule Double helix, two strands coiled together
What are the two paired bases in DNA Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
What is an RNA molecule Single stranded molecule that contains uracil instead of thymine
Stages of protein synthesis 1. Transcription
2. Translation
Describe transcription Part of DNA chromosome unwinds and hydrogen bonds are broken
2 strands separate
Exposes the bases on the template strand
RNA bases pair with bases on the template strands using pairing rules
RNA nucleotides joined together by an enzyme called RNA polymerase
Join together forming bonds between ribose and phosphate groups so RNA molecule has a
sugar phosphate backbone
mRNA leaves DNA
DNA zips up
mRNA leaves through pores
Describe translation How genetic code carried on mRNA is used to synthesise a protein from
amino acids
Occurs in the cytoplasm
mRNA attaches to ribosome
Transfer RNA used to carry amino acids to the mRNA
, Groups of 3 bases along mRNA called codons
One codon codes for one amino acid
What is the first tRNA to bind to the mRNA always bound at Start codon
What is the alternative form of a gene allele
What does homozygous mean two of the same alleles
What does heterozygous mean two different alleles
What are phenotypic features a result of Polygenic inheritance
What is XY chromosomes male
Describe mitosis Chromosomes line up at centre of cell and cell fibres pull them apart so one
set of chromosomes go to each end of the cell
Membranes form around each set of chromosomes- these become the nuclei
The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
What does DNA do Stores genetic information and codes for protein
What does RNA do transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosome
What are ribosomes formed from RNA and proteins
What are DNA and RNA both polymers of Nucleotides
What are bacteria Group of single celled prokaryotes
What are archaea and how do they differ from bacteria A group of single-celled prokaryotes,
no murein in the cell wall and their genes and protein synthesis are more similar to eukaryotes
What are eukarya Group of organisms made up of one or more eukaryotic cells
How many kingdoms is the eukarya domain split into and what are the names of these
kingdoms 4
Protoctista- mostly unicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic feeders
Fungi- mostly multicellular, have membrane bound organelles and are heterotrophic feeders
Plantae- Multicellular, capable of sexual reproduction, eukaryotic autotrophs
Animalia- Multicellular, eukaryotes with specialised tissues and organs, heterotrophic
How do you represent phylogenetic relationships between organisms Phylogenetic tree
Definition of a species A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
What does each species have It's own niche
How are species named? What is the acronym? Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
,Species
King prawn curry or fat greasy sausages
What is the name of the system used to name species Binomial system
How does courtship behaviour ensure successful mating Recognise members of their own
species, form a pair bond, synchronise mating
What is the equation for Simpsons Diversity index D = 1 - (∑(n/N)^2)
What is the definition of species richness Number of different species in the habitat
What is the definition of species eveness Relative abundance of individual species or how
many of each species there are
Definition of biodiversity and what is it broken down into Variety in the living world, broken
into species, genetic and ecosystem diversity
Why is high biodiversity a good thing Community made up of different species, so will
survive a change
What is a genome The entire DNA of an organism
What is a gene segment of DNA that codes for a protein
What do genes code for Specific proteins
,What does the nucleus of a cell contain Chromosomes on which genes are located
What is DNA molecule Double helix, two strands coiled together
What are the two paired bases in DNA Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
What is an RNA molecule Single stranded molecule that contains uracil instead of thymine
Stages of protein synthesis 1. Transcription
2. Translation
Describe transcription Part of DNA chromosome unwinds and hydrogen bonds are broken
2 strands separate
Exposes the bases on the template strand
RNA bases pair with bases on the template strands using pairing rules
RNA nucleotides joined together by an enzyme called RNA polymerase
Join together forming bonds between ribose and phosphate groups so RNA molecule has a
sugar phosphate backbone
mRNA leaves DNA
DNA zips up
mRNA leaves through pores
Describe translation How genetic code carried on mRNA is used to synthesise a protein from
amino acids
Occurs in the cytoplasm
mRNA attaches to ribosome
Transfer RNA used to carry amino acids to the mRNA
, Groups of 3 bases along mRNA called codons
One codon codes for one amino acid
What is the first tRNA to bind to the mRNA always bound at Start codon
What is the alternative form of a gene allele
What does homozygous mean two of the same alleles
What does heterozygous mean two different alleles
What are phenotypic features a result of Polygenic inheritance
What is XY chromosomes male
Describe mitosis Chromosomes line up at centre of cell and cell fibres pull them apart so one
set of chromosomes go to each end of the cell
Membranes form around each set of chromosomes- these become the nuclei
The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
What does DNA do Stores genetic information and codes for protein
What does RNA do transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosome
What are ribosomes formed from RNA and proteins
What are DNA and RNA both polymers of Nucleotides
