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1. querulous habitually whining person, tends to complain or argue over minor details
2. virtuouso having great skill, opposite of incompetent
3. mutable prone to change (think of a mutation or an abnormal change)
4. antediluvial before a flood
5. diluvial having to do with a flood
6. legislate mandate throught the creation of laws
7. prattle talk aimlessly or idly
8. erroneous mistake (err-think error)
9. ominous predicts or foreshadows disaster
10. unguent ointment used to soothe or heal, opposite of irritant
11. orator public speaker who needs to be able to articulate
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12. exculpate clear from blame
13. ravenous extremely hungry
14. supplicant humble begger has humility
15. maven expert, has expertise
16. insidious something that spreads harmfully in a subtle or stealthy manner
17. cede yield, give up, transfer title to someone else
18. eschew forbid, shun, abatain from, avoid it
19. proscribe forbid or prohibit as harmful
20. percent increase (change/original number) x 100%
formula
21. circumfrence of a 2 x pie x radius OR diameter x pie
circle formula
22. commensal rela- form of a symbiotic relationship, two organisms live in close association with each
tionship other. One benefits while the other is neither harms or benefites. +/0 relationship
23. polysome cluster of ribosomes
24. notochord a semi-rigid rod in the dorsal part of all chordates, this remains as a semi-rigid
chord, although in highrt chordates it is seen only in the embryo and as a vestigial
organ.
-a flexible material made out of similar material to cartilage. If a species has
notochord it is by definition it is a chordate. Ex: fish, birds, mammals
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25. enzymes proteins, typically work best at pH7.2
26. electron trans- directly produces the pH gradient by pumping protons out of the mitochondrial
port chain matrix. the proton gradient is used to make ATP.
27. closed circuit has continuity and allows current to flow in it
28. as you go from electrons are added one at a time, the electrons of the outermost shell experience
left to right an increasing amount of nuclear attraction becoming closer and more tightly
across a period, bound to the nucleus.
what happens to
electrons
29. voltage drop happens as current passes through a resistance, represents an energy loss, this
energy is usually dissipated in the form of heat.
30. what tempera- 212F, 100C, 373K
ture does water
at sea level boil
31. logy lethargic, lacking in energy or vitality, mental and physical slowness
32. gametes sex cells (sperm and egg), humans have 23 chromosomes in each sex cell (made
of 22 autosomes), 1n, haploid because they have half as many as regular human
cells. In a regular cell (not sex cell) there is a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell
or a set of 23.
33. regular cells 2n, or diploid a set of 23 chromosomes or 46 chromosomes
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34. sexual reproduc- a sperm which is haploid (n) with 23 chromosomes combines with an egg which
tion simplified is also haploid (n) with 23 chromosomes to form a zygote (2n) which creates 46
chromosomes or diploid then it forms an embryo which turns into a fetus.
35. autosomes In a diploid or 2n human cell there are 46 chromosomes. 2 sex cells (one from
mom, one from dad) join with 44 autosomes (23 from mom 23 from dad). Mom
and dad have identical cells called autosomes. *These are essentially chromo-
somes that both mom and dad posess that are not determinants of the zygotes
gender (the sex cells do this).
Mom has 22 autosomes, and dad has 22 that each will donate.
In addition to the 22 chromsomes that mom and dad will both donate, 1 more
chromosome has to be added to make 23 chromosomes in total This is the sex
chromsome which determines the sex of the baby. These sex cells are not identical
like autosomes because there is either an X chromsome or a Y chromsome that
can be donated. Mom can donate only an X chromosome. Dad can donate either
an X or a Y chromosome.
36. sporophytes and sporophyte is just another name for a plant. some sporophytes produce oversized
how they repro- ovaries which presents itself as a fruit. There is a remains of a flower on one end
duce simplified of it. If you cut into the ovary there are fertilized ovules or seeds. Inside of the seed
is an embryo or fertilized egg. When we plant a seed we should be able to grow a
sporophyte through mitosis. Many sporophytes produce a flower which is diploid
(2n). Through meiosis sporophytes (2n) produce spores which are haploid (n).
One cell in the sporangia undergoes meiosis. At the end we get 4 haploid cells
or two diploid cells. A bunch of haploid cells create a gametophyte. Some of
these gametophytes ditterentiate into gametes. When a grain of pollen reaches
the entrance of an ovary, it releases the sperm that fertilizes the egg and creates