PHIL 347N Week 4 Discussion 1 Answers|CRITICAL REASONING

PHIL 347N Week 4 Discussion 1 Answers|CRITICAL REASONING Considering what you are learning as you read Chapter 7, why do you feel it is important or beneficial to actually study truth functional logic? This section lists options that can be used to view responses. Collapse All Print View Show Options Responses Responses are listed below in the following order: response, author and the date and time the response is posted. Sort by Read/Unread Sort by Response Sorted Ascending, click to sort descending Sort by Author Sort by Date/Time* (an instructor response) Collapse Mark as Read Why study truth functions.... Professor Stephens Email this Author 3/18/2017 6:33:50 AM Class Considering what you are learning as you read Chapter 7, why do you feel it is important or beneficial to actually study truth functional logic? Let’s discuss Professor Stephens Collapse Mark as Read RE: Why study truth functions.... Amanda Hellman Email this Author 3/19/2017 4:31:33 PM It is beneficial to study truth functional logic because it is a useful tool to help the reader determine the validity of a statement. It gives the reader a sound foundation or body of proof to help determine the strength of the argument and then determine its truth value. By going through this process, the reader can measure and analyze the strength of the premises and its supporting evidence to determine its functional logic. These techniques will better equip the reader with the confidence to find answers to issues they will encounter. Jackson, D. & Newberry, P. (2016). Critical thinking: A user's manual (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. Collapse Mark as Read RE: Why study truth functions.... Sarah Castillo Email this Author 3/20/2017 1:01:57 PM Hello Amanda, Great explanation on why it is important to study truth-functional logic. I believe that it is beneficial to everyone to study this although I am sure there are some people who will benefit from it more than others like for instance lawyers may use this skill more often because their job entails a lot of arguing and determining what arguments are valid and invalid. I do, however, believe that we can all benefit from this in our everyday lives and it could get us out of some trouble because we will have the knowledge to be able to dissect different arguments we may be having and determine the validity of it. Good job Amanda! Collapse Mark as Read RE: Why study truth functions.... Corina Coffman Email this Author 3/21/2017 8:04:24 PM I can understand where you are coming from, truth functions may indeed be more valuable for someone like a lawyer who's entire stance depends on the validity of their statements and the evidence they choose to provide. It may be more beneficial to someone like a lawyer, but we all can use this in every day life, you never know what discussions might come up so this would be a great tool. Especially for me, as I study to be a nurse I cannot help but to think about how I can use truth functions in my work. One of the most important roles in nursing is being an advocate for your patient and truth functions can truly come in handy. Collapse Mark as Read RE: Why study truth functions.... Lauren Henry Email this Author 3/21/2017 7:38:53 PM Truth-Functional arguments are used and heard every day in life. Advertising, doctors, and the News are just some examples of times when they are used. The one product that really comes to mind when it comes to these arguments are weight loss pills. They always advertise, "If you take these pill, then you will lose weight." To me the validity of this argument is nit very high, but to others it might be. Companies love to use these types of claims to convince consumers to buy their products. The saying BOGO, is another example of a truth-functional argument that businesses use, "If you buy one, then you get one free." Collapse Mark as Read RE: Why study truth functions.... Cindy Ruffin Email this Author 3/22/2017 11:14:01 PM Lauren great example. Truth functional logic should be used on an everyday basis because believe it or not you have many arguments throughout your day. The harder part is figuring out if these claims are true or not. Knowing and practicing tools like truth functional logic will help you determine which claims are true and which are false. Television advertises many things and often times we buy devices or medications that can help us lose weight. We go into it believing that they medications and devices help us lose weight without thinking that we have to put the work in. Basically the things they sell on television are not miracle pills or devices. Their argument is basically to try to make you buy it whether they help you or not, even if it's false. Knowing the techniques like functional truth logic will help you stay away from these kinds or commercials that pull you in to buy things based on lies and not enough truth. Collapse Mark as Read RE: Why study truth functions.... Gabriela Velazquez Email this Author 3/25/2017 9:23:56 PM I agree with both Cindy and Lauren, We use truth functional logic everyday we do have arguments throughout the day some might not be extreme as others. We differentiate between two different things. Some of us are encountered with clearly others are more hidden we have to distinguish the claims, for example in the hospital as a nurse the patients will give information about their health history, and symptoms. Some patients exaggerate some symptoms in order to get more pain medications that are not needed, or to have test to be done that are not really needed, or for insurance purposes. They are using this for there own needs and need to be treated accordingly, knowing this technique will help you as a nurse understand and listen to the truth in your patient. Collapse Mark as Read RE: Why study truth functions.... Amanda Cameron Email this Author 3/25/2017 7:06:35 PM Amanda, I agree the truth funcational logic is a great key way to help the reader define the propose of the argument. There are so many "valid" ways to argue a statement or situation but without any truth based logic behind it to support your points then it's just a bunch of words on a page. Factional information is what is going to give your argument logic and truth. " Because of the Fire and smoke the sky is shades of reds and grey" you are able to see why they are arguing the sky is Red and grey because of a fire- however you hear the sky is red and grey?? Why? What is causing it? No it's not the sky is blue?!! Can you see the difference? Great job in your post ! Amanda Cameron Collapse Mark as Read RE: Why study truth functions.... Princella Boahemaa Email this Author 3/19/2017 6:16:24 PM A validity of an argument is based on either the premises are true or false. A true premise makes a conclusion true and a false premise makes a conclusion false. In other to clearly determine the legitimacy of a statement a truth functional logic is a very helpful tool. In using a truth functional logic a truth table, or a short cut method is used. A truth table helps to avoid adding extra claims when analyzing an argument. A truth table shows the various situations given in an argument that is true or situations that is false. For example Kate has been driving fast. This is because either she has got a driving ticket or she has been driving fast and she has been giving a ticket. In writing a truth table lets "A" represent Kate has been driving fast. Let "B" represent She has got a driving ticket BV~A B/A BV~A/B//A In the truth table above the premise is shown above the line as well as the conclusion is shown below the line. Both the premise and conclusion is shown clearly. The premise is she has got a driving ticket. Conclusion is Kate has been driving fast. Reference Jackson, D. (2016). Critical Thinking: A User's Manual, 2nd Edition. [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from (an instructor response) Collapse Mark as Read Main Connectors Professor Stephens Email this Author 3/20/2017 6:39:02 AM Princella and class Wonderful start here this week… When looking at a set of claims in an argument, how do you determine which connectors are the main ones? See if you can give some examples to demonstrate from the book or on you own. Let’s discuss Professor Stephens Collapse Mark as Read RE: Main Connectors Amanda Hellman Email this Author 3/20/2017 5:48:54 PM Modified:3/20/2017 7:06 PM To determine the main connectors in an argument, the writer will use words like: not, if, then, therefore, consequently, and, but, or. These words signal to the reader that two ideas, or claims, are being brought together to form a complete thought or argument. A reader can usually differentiate a main connectors from one that is not by the author's use of them to separate two or more reasons that will prove the argument as true. For example: (Premise 1) More Americans are eating high fat diets than ever before. Consequently, (Premise 2) health care providers have seen a rise in obesity. Consequently is the main connector for premise 1 and 2. Jackson, D. & Newberry, P. (2016). Critical thinking: A user's manual (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. Collapse Mark as Read RE: Main Connectors Brandon Anderson Email this Author 3/25/2017 11:58:52 AM Hey Amanda, great post you kept it simple to the point and easy to understand. I like how you gave the examples of the connectors and broke it down how the bring together an argument. Your example was also easy to follow. You also gave a good answer to your example. Thanks (an instructor response) Collapse Mark as Read RE: Main Connectors Professor Stephens Email this Author 3/26/2017 6:23:56 AM Good follow up Amanda By going though the steps to a truth table.. (i.e. 1 to 6)... you can start to break apart every argument you come across in daily life... It is a great skill to build... Good points... Professor Stephens Collapse Mark as Read RE: Main Connectors Princella Boahemaa Email this Author 3/20/2017 10:15:09 PM Identifying connectors in an argument is done by recognizing conjunctions and disjunctions used to link claims together. In a conjunction and disjunction claim connectors are used to join two claims together. For instance, words like 'and', 'or', 'are', and 'but' are used to connect claims together. To identify connectors the reader must first identify each claim in an argument. Identifying claims clearly shows the connectors used. For example Nurses takes care of patients in a hospital and teachers teach students in school. The statement has two claims. First claim is Nurses takes care of patients in a hospital. The second claim is teachers teach students in school. The connector used is 'and'. Identifying the two claims has clearly showed the connector used. Reference Jackson, D. (2016). Critical Thinking: A User's Manual, 2nd Edition. [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from Collapse Mark as Read RE: Main Connectors Emily Defreece Email this Author 3/21/2017 12:14:36 PM Professor and class, A truth functional argument can contain simple claims connected by an operator to form compound claims. Operators are words that serve to connect the simple claims. However sometimes there are more than one operator connecting the claims, so how do you decide which is the main operator? The first step is to translate the argument into symbolic form. Once the argument is in an accurate symbolic form it becomes easier to identify the main operator. The main operator is always outside of the parenthesis. Example: What’s the main operator in the statement “I am not happy and I am not sad”? The symbolic form of this statement is ~ (H&S). With the H representing the claim “I am happy” and the S representing the claim” I am sad”. The main operator in this claim is a negation because that’s the sign that’s represented outside the parenthesis. Collapse Mark as Read RE: Main Connectors Lachhi Pokhrel Email this Author 3/21/2017 3:08:36 PM In the Truth-functional arguments, can be formed by any one of its five claims: simple claims, negations, conjunctions, disjunctions, and conditionals. To identify these different claims, we need to know the logical operator that is used in the compound claims. We can determine the connectors by understanding the reason of the claims that has formed the sentence or sentences, and also the logic of the “Operator” that is used in the connection of claims. Examples: “If a bear is in the house, then a crocodile is in the yard.” This is a conditional joins claims together with the if . . . then.. Let the claim “If a bear is in the house,” be B, which is the antecedent. And “then a crocodile is in the yard” be C, which is consequent. In this example, operator IF….THEN is used to connect these two claims, so it would translate into B ⊃ C. Reference: Jackson, D. (2016). Critical Thinking: A User's Manual, 2nd Edition. [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from Collapse Mark as Read RE: Main Connectors Alice Anitche Email this Author 3/21/2017 8:42:26 PM That's a great response from you Lachhi! This study has been well by introducing us to various ways of either responding, stating, analyzing, or translating an argument. At the moment we are been introduced to a new method of translating an argument by indicating simple claim in truth- functional argument. The text stated that this simple claims are connected by four main operational connectors to make a compound