SW 620 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
boundaries - Answers - patterns of behaviors that define relationships within systems
and give systems their identity
differentiation - Answers - a system's movement from a simple existence toward a
more complex form of functioning, while still maintaining its unique characteristics
entropy - Answers - a system's movement toward disorganization and death. negative
entropy is a system's movement toward growth and development
equifinality - Answers - the tendency for the same end state or outcome in a system to
be achieved through many paths or trajectories
feedback - Answers - a form of input, which informs a system about its performance.
feedback can be positive or negative; this tells a system what it is doing correctly or
incorrectly in regard to functioning
homeostasis - Answers - the tendency that systems have to work toward and maintain
stability and equilibrium
input/output - Answers - the information, communication, or resources coming into a
system from other systems. output is what happens to this information after it has been
received by a system
multifinality - Answers - The possibility that similar circumstances or conditions in a
system will lead to different results or outcomes.
Reciprocity - Answers - the necessity for a change in one part of the system to impact
other parts of the system
roles - Answers - socially or culturally sanctioned patterns of behavior expected of
individuals within a system
subsystem - Answers - Secondary, smaller systems within a larger system.
synergy - Answers - the energy that systems create to maintain themselves
system - Answers - a set of parts that are interdependent and make up an organized
whole
adaptation - Answers - the ability of individuals to adjust to their environment
coping - Answers - the ways in which individuals deal with negative events/situations
, energy - Answers - the active engagement of people with their environments. can take
the form of input or output.
interdependence - Answers - the reciprocal and mutually reliant relationships that
people have with one another and their environments
social environment - Answers - The conditions, circumstances, and human interactions
that encompass human beings
transactions - Answers - communication, interactions, or exchanges that occur
between people and their environments (these can be positive or negative)
Sensorimotor - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of
age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions
and motor activities
object permanence - Answers - the awareness that things continue to exist even when
not perceived
preoperational stage - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7
years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend
the mental operations of concrete logic
egocentricism - Answers - the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of
view
Animism - Answers - the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are
capable of action
conservation - Answers - Children can't understand that an object remains the same
even if it's characteristics are the same (liquid in different containers)
Centration - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only
on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features
irreversability - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the inability of the young child to mentally
reverse an action
Classification - Answers - Children can differentiate between two objects
Seriation - Answers - When children start to differentiate objects based on size, length,
weight
concrete operational stage - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the
mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
boundaries - Answers - patterns of behaviors that define relationships within systems
and give systems their identity
differentiation - Answers - a system's movement from a simple existence toward a
more complex form of functioning, while still maintaining its unique characteristics
entropy - Answers - a system's movement toward disorganization and death. negative
entropy is a system's movement toward growth and development
equifinality - Answers - the tendency for the same end state or outcome in a system to
be achieved through many paths or trajectories
feedback - Answers - a form of input, which informs a system about its performance.
feedback can be positive or negative; this tells a system what it is doing correctly or
incorrectly in regard to functioning
homeostasis - Answers - the tendency that systems have to work toward and maintain
stability and equilibrium
input/output - Answers - the information, communication, or resources coming into a
system from other systems. output is what happens to this information after it has been
received by a system
multifinality - Answers - The possibility that similar circumstances or conditions in a
system will lead to different results or outcomes.
Reciprocity - Answers - the necessity for a change in one part of the system to impact
other parts of the system
roles - Answers - socially or culturally sanctioned patterns of behavior expected of
individuals within a system
subsystem - Answers - Secondary, smaller systems within a larger system.
synergy - Answers - the energy that systems create to maintain themselves
system - Answers - a set of parts that are interdependent and make up an organized
whole
adaptation - Answers - the ability of individuals to adjust to their environment
coping - Answers - the ways in which individuals deal with negative events/situations
, energy - Answers - the active engagement of people with their environments. can take
the form of input or output.
interdependence - Answers - the reciprocal and mutually reliant relationships that
people have with one another and their environments
social environment - Answers - The conditions, circumstances, and human interactions
that encompass human beings
transactions - Answers - communication, interactions, or exchanges that occur
between people and their environments (these can be positive or negative)
Sensorimotor - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of
age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions
and motor activities
object permanence - Answers - the awareness that things continue to exist even when
not perceived
preoperational stage - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7
years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend
the mental operations of concrete logic
egocentricism - Answers - the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of
view
Animism - Answers - the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are
capable of action
conservation - Answers - Children can't understand that an object remains the same
even if it's characteristics are the same (liquid in different containers)
Centration - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only
on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features
irreversability - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the inability of the young child to mentally
reverse an action
Classification - Answers - Children can differentiate between two objects
Seriation - Answers - When children start to differentiate objects based on size, length,
weight
concrete operational stage - Answers - in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the
mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
