SW 620 (THEORY) QUIZ 3 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What is cognition? - Answers - Cognition is the mental action or process of acquiring
knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Cognitive theory seeks to do what? - Answers - Cognitive theory seeks to understand
human learning, socialization, and behavior by looking at the brain's internal cognitive
processes. Cognitive theorists want to understand the way that people process
information.
Cognitive theory shifts away from focus on ________ to the clients' interpretations of
events as they respond to stimuli and reinforcements - Answers - behaviors
Which theory introduced a connection between thoughts, stimulus, and response
(cognitive mediation)?
Cognitive theory is often used together with behavior theory. - Answers - Bandura's
social learning theory
The first basic concept of cognitive theory states that cognitions are our _____, _____,
_____, and ____ about the causes of events, attitudes, and perceptions in our lives. -
Answers - beliefs, assumptions, expectations, and ideas
Cognitive Theory postulates that we develop habits of thinking that form the basis for
our _____ and _____ of the environmental input, categorizing and evaluating that
experience, and making judgments about how to behave. - Answers - screening and
coding
True or false: Emotions are physiological responses that come BEFORE our cognitive
evaluation of input. - Answers - False! Thoughts occur prior to emotions and thoughts
PRODUCE emotions. Two people can have the same event happen to them and
interpret it completely differently based on their past experiences.
What is George Kelly's personal construct theory (1955)? (THIS IS HOW COGNITIVE
THEORY ORIGINATED) - Answers - - A person's core tendency is to attempt to
predict and control the events of experience. Kelly believed that the truth was not
absolute, but represents a state in which perceptions are consistent with our internal
construct system.
- "Person as empirical scientist" - the essence of human nature is the scientific pursuit
of truth through formulating hypotheses and testing them in the real world. His model of
the person as an empirical scientist influenced many other scientists.
- Through this testing process, people develop constructs: interpretations of events
resulting from natural reasoning processes
,The first concept of cognitive theory states what about innate drives and motivation? -
Answers - There are NO assumed innate drives or motivations that propel people to act
in a particular way (critique is "what about ppl with intellectual disabilities? Do they not
think then?")
The second concept of cognitive theory states what about patterns and behavior? -
Answers - Patterns of thought and behavior are developed through habits that can be
modified as we acquire new information
The third concept of cognitive theory states what about schemas? - Answers - -
Schemas are our internalized representation of the world; patterns of thought, action, &
problem solving.
- Schemas develop through direct learning or social learning, it's the necessary bias
with which we view the world, based on early learning.
- Disordered thoughts come from schemas
- Schemas develop through our own experiences (direct learning) or watching an
absorbing others experiences (social learning).
What year did cognitive theory develop? - Answers - 1960s. It continues to be a
popular basis for intervention in SW.
Cognitive theory was influenced by developments in what three areas? - Answers - 1)
Philosophy
2) Information processing theory in the computer sciences (examines how people
process information)
3) Social learning theory
What is assimilation? - Answers - MAKE IT FIT! Using an existing schema to deal with
a new object or situation. (When a child sees a bear and thinks it's a dog because all
they've seen have been dogs)
What is accomodation? - Answers - Changing our existing schema in response to a
new situation (The dad having to explain what a bear is to the child)
What is equilibrim? - Answers - A state of balance occurs when a child's schema can
deal with new information through assimilation. The child's existing schema can explain
what it's perceiving around it.
What is equilibration? - Answers - Force that drives cognitive development; seeking to
restore balance in the midst of a new situation through accommodation.
EQUILIBRATION DRIVES LEARNING BECAUSE WE DO NOT WANT TO BE
UNCOMFORTABLE.
, What is organization? - Answers - A tendency to seek and build order. The individual
will seek coherence in schemata—systematize observations and data in the
development of cognitive structures.
Who developed Cognitive Development Theory? - Answers - Jean Piaget. He studied
cognitive processes in children.
What are the five assumptions in cognitive development theory that the creator found? -
Answers - 1) Cognitive development occurs in a fixed sequence. Individual progresses
through stages in a progressive & and invariant way. No stage is skipped. Stages are
not tied to age.
2) The stages build on each other; each successive stage represents more complex
ways of thinking. The stages are universal and culture does NOT change them.
3) Development occurs through individual activities (not teaching or maturation)
4) Interactions with the environment lead to the creation and modification of cognitive
structures
What is Piaget's definition of a schema? - Answers - Schemas: Building blocks of
knowledge; a structure or representation of reality in memory. Way of organizing
knowledge. "Units" of knowledge, each relating to one aspect of the world, including
objects, actions, and abstract (i.e., theoretical) concepts.
What is adaptation? - Answers - Processes that enable the transition from one stage to
another (equilibrium, assimilation, and accommodation).
What are the four stages of cognitive development? - Answers - Stages of Cognitive
Development: (SPCF - Some Pigs Can Fly)
1) Sensorimotor
2) Preoperational
3) Concrete operational
4) Formal operational
What is the first stage of Piagets Cognitive Development Theory? - Answers -
Sensorimotor Intelligence: (age 0-2 years)
Goal: object permanence - knowing that an object still exists, even if it is hidden. It
requires the ability to form a mental representation (i.e., a schema) of the object.
Development focuses on sensory and motor schemata; Ex: child dropping toys from
high chair; repeats again leaning over to watch, repeats again at different angle, all in
further developing a schema. Builds on reflexes (like sucking); chance happenings
resulting from these sensorimotor actions start a pattern of increasingly elaborate
schemata. Stage ends with development of language.
What is the second stage of Piagets Cognitive Development Theory? - Answers -
Preoperational Thought: (age 2-7 years)
What is cognition? - Answers - Cognition is the mental action or process of acquiring
knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Cognitive theory seeks to do what? - Answers - Cognitive theory seeks to understand
human learning, socialization, and behavior by looking at the brain's internal cognitive
processes. Cognitive theorists want to understand the way that people process
information.
Cognitive theory shifts away from focus on ________ to the clients' interpretations of
events as they respond to stimuli and reinforcements - Answers - behaviors
Which theory introduced a connection between thoughts, stimulus, and response
(cognitive mediation)?
Cognitive theory is often used together with behavior theory. - Answers - Bandura's
social learning theory
The first basic concept of cognitive theory states that cognitions are our _____, _____,
_____, and ____ about the causes of events, attitudes, and perceptions in our lives. -
Answers - beliefs, assumptions, expectations, and ideas
Cognitive Theory postulates that we develop habits of thinking that form the basis for
our _____ and _____ of the environmental input, categorizing and evaluating that
experience, and making judgments about how to behave. - Answers - screening and
coding
True or false: Emotions are physiological responses that come BEFORE our cognitive
evaluation of input. - Answers - False! Thoughts occur prior to emotions and thoughts
PRODUCE emotions. Two people can have the same event happen to them and
interpret it completely differently based on their past experiences.
What is George Kelly's personal construct theory (1955)? (THIS IS HOW COGNITIVE
THEORY ORIGINATED) - Answers - - A person's core tendency is to attempt to
predict and control the events of experience. Kelly believed that the truth was not
absolute, but represents a state in which perceptions are consistent with our internal
construct system.
- "Person as empirical scientist" - the essence of human nature is the scientific pursuit
of truth through formulating hypotheses and testing them in the real world. His model of
the person as an empirical scientist influenced many other scientists.
- Through this testing process, people develop constructs: interpretations of events
resulting from natural reasoning processes
,The first concept of cognitive theory states what about innate drives and motivation? -
Answers - There are NO assumed innate drives or motivations that propel people to act
in a particular way (critique is "what about ppl with intellectual disabilities? Do they not
think then?")
The second concept of cognitive theory states what about patterns and behavior? -
Answers - Patterns of thought and behavior are developed through habits that can be
modified as we acquire new information
The third concept of cognitive theory states what about schemas? - Answers - -
Schemas are our internalized representation of the world; patterns of thought, action, &
problem solving.
- Schemas develop through direct learning or social learning, it's the necessary bias
with which we view the world, based on early learning.
- Disordered thoughts come from schemas
- Schemas develop through our own experiences (direct learning) or watching an
absorbing others experiences (social learning).
What year did cognitive theory develop? - Answers - 1960s. It continues to be a
popular basis for intervention in SW.
Cognitive theory was influenced by developments in what three areas? - Answers - 1)
Philosophy
2) Information processing theory in the computer sciences (examines how people
process information)
3) Social learning theory
What is assimilation? - Answers - MAKE IT FIT! Using an existing schema to deal with
a new object or situation. (When a child sees a bear and thinks it's a dog because all
they've seen have been dogs)
What is accomodation? - Answers - Changing our existing schema in response to a
new situation (The dad having to explain what a bear is to the child)
What is equilibrim? - Answers - A state of balance occurs when a child's schema can
deal with new information through assimilation. The child's existing schema can explain
what it's perceiving around it.
What is equilibration? - Answers - Force that drives cognitive development; seeking to
restore balance in the midst of a new situation through accommodation.
EQUILIBRATION DRIVES LEARNING BECAUSE WE DO NOT WANT TO BE
UNCOMFORTABLE.
, What is organization? - Answers - A tendency to seek and build order. The individual
will seek coherence in schemata—systematize observations and data in the
development of cognitive structures.
Who developed Cognitive Development Theory? - Answers - Jean Piaget. He studied
cognitive processes in children.
What are the five assumptions in cognitive development theory that the creator found? -
Answers - 1) Cognitive development occurs in a fixed sequence. Individual progresses
through stages in a progressive & and invariant way. No stage is skipped. Stages are
not tied to age.
2) The stages build on each other; each successive stage represents more complex
ways of thinking. The stages are universal and culture does NOT change them.
3) Development occurs through individual activities (not teaching or maturation)
4) Interactions with the environment lead to the creation and modification of cognitive
structures
What is Piaget's definition of a schema? - Answers - Schemas: Building blocks of
knowledge; a structure or representation of reality in memory. Way of organizing
knowledge. "Units" of knowledge, each relating to one aspect of the world, including
objects, actions, and abstract (i.e., theoretical) concepts.
What is adaptation? - Answers - Processes that enable the transition from one stage to
another (equilibrium, assimilation, and accommodation).
What are the four stages of cognitive development? - Answers - Stages of Cognitive
Development: (SPCF - Some Pigs Can Fly)
1) Sensorimotor
2) Preoperational
3) Concrete operational
4) Formal operational
What is the first stage of Piagets Cognitive Development Theory? - Answers -
Sensorimotor Intelligence: (age 0-2 years)
Goal: object permanence - knowing that an object still exists, even if it is hidden. It
requires the ability to form a mental representation (i.e., a schema) of the object.
Development focuses on sensory and motor schemata; Ex: child dropping toys from
high chair; repeats again leaning over to watch, repeats again at different angle, all in
further developing a schema. Builds on reflexes (like sucking); chance happenings
resulting from these sensorimotor actions start a pattern of increasingly elaborate
schemata. Stage ends with development of language.
What is the second stage of Piagets Cognitive Development Theory? - Answers -
Preoperational Thought: (age 2-7 years)
