PJM GLOSSARY QUESTIONS WITH
RIGHT ANSWERS.
Actual,Load,,ANS,-
,The,Load,Serving,Entity's,total,load,per,Electric,Distribution,Company,zone,,as,determined,through,met
er,readings,and,EDC,load,profiling,methods.
Adjacent,System,or,Adjacent,Control,Area,,ANS,-
,Any,control,area,directly,interconnected,with,another,control,area.
Agent,,ANS,-,An,entity,appointed,by,a,PJM,member,to,do,business,in,PJM,on,behalf,of,the,member.
Aggregate,,ANS,-
,A,group,of,more,than,one,individual,bus,into,a,pricing,node,(pnode),that,is,considered,as,a,whole,in,the
,Energy,Market,and,other,various,systems,and,Markets,within,PJM.
Alternating,Current,,ANS,-
,An,alternating,current,is,the,movement,of,an,electric,charge,that,periodically,reverses,direction.,This,is,
compared,to,the,flow,of,electric,charge,in,direct,current,,which,moves,in,only,one,direction.,Electric,po
wer,is,delivered,to,homes,and,businesses,through,alternating,current.
Analog,Control,,ANS,-
,A,signal,which,,with,respect,to,time,,varies,continuously,in,proportion,to,the,measured,quantity.
Ancillary,Services,,ANS,-
,Ancillary,services,help,balance,the,transmission,system,as,it,moves,electricity,from,generating,sources,t
o,ultimate,consumers.,PJM,operates,several,markets,for,ancillary,services:,the,Synchronized,Reserve,Ma
rket,,the,Non-Synchronized,Reserve,Market,,the,Day-
ahead,Scheduling,Reserve,Market,and,the,Regulation,Market.,There,are,also,several,other,nonmarkets,f
or,ancillary,services,such,as,black,start,service,and,reactive,service.
Annual,Demand,Resources,,ANS,-
,Demand,Resources,which,can,be,called,on,an,unlimited,number,of,times,any,day,of,the,delivery,year,,u
nless,on,an,approved,maintenance,outage.
,Area,Control,Error,(ACE),,ANS,-
,A,measure,of,the,imbalance,between,sources,of,power,and,uses,of,power,within,the,PJM,RTO.,The,ACE
,calculation,uses,the,difference,between,scheduled,and,actual,net,interchange,plus,the,PJM,RTO,freque
ncy,bias,contribution.
Area,Regulation,Signal,,ANS,-
,A,signal,generated,by,the,PJM,Control,Center,and,sent,to,the,plants,,stations,and/or,PJM,members,sch
eduled,to,provide,regulation,to,change,generation,quickly,to,keep,PJM’s,area,control,error,withi
n,allowable,limits.,It,is,used,to,control,for,small,fluctuations,in,load.
Auction,Revenue,Rights,(ARR),,ANS,-
,Entitlements,allocated,annually,to,Firm,Transmission,Service,Customers,that,entitle,the,holder,to,receiv
e,an,allocation,of,the,revenues,from,the,Annual,FTR,Auction.
Automatic,Generation,Control,(AGC),,ANS,-
,Equipment,that,automatically,adjusts,a,Control,Area’s,generation,to,maintain,its,interchange,sc
hedule,plus,its,share,of,frequency,regulation.
Available,Flowgate,Capability,,ANS,-
,A,measure,of,the,flow,capability,remaining,on,a,Flowgate,for,further,commercial,activity,over,and,abov
e,already,committed,uses.,It,is,defined,as,TFC,less,Existing,Transmission,Commitments,(ETC),,less,a,Capa
city,Benefit,Margin,,less,a,Transmission,Reliability,Margin,,plus,Postbacks,and,plus,Counterflows.,(NERC,
definition)
Available,Transfer,Capability,(ATC),,ANS,-
,The,amount,of,energy,above,"base,case",conditions,that,can,be,transferred,reliably,from,one,area,to,an
other,over,all,transmission,facilities,without,violating,any,pre-,or,post-
contingency,criteria,for,the,facilities,in,the,PJM,Control,Area,under,specified,system,conditions.
Balancing,Authority,,ANS,-
,The,responsible,entity,that,integrates,resource,plans,ahead,of,time,,maintains,Demand,and,resource,ba
lance,within,a,Balancing,Authority,Area,,and,supports,Interconnection,frequency,in,real,time.,[See,NERC
,definition]
,Balancing,Authority,Area,,ANS,-
,The,collection,of,generation,,transmission,,and,loads,within,the,metered,boundaries,of,the,Balancing,A
uthority.,The,Balancing,Authority,maintains,load-resource,balance,within,this,area.
Balancing,Energy,Market,,ANS,-
,Matches,the,power,output,of,the,generators,within,the,electric,power,system(s),and,energy,purchased,
from,entities,outside,the,electric,power,system(s),with,the,load,within,the,electric,power,system(s).
Balancing,Operating,Reserves,,ANS,-
,Generation,and,demand,response,resources,that,operate,as,requested,by,PJM,are,guaranteed,to,recov
er,the,costs,of,their,offer,amounts,through,balancing,operating,reserve,credits,that,are,charged,to,mark
et,participants.,Accounting,for,these,"make-whole",costs,is,performed,on,a,daily,basis,,for,both,the,Day-
Ahead,Energy,Market,and,the,Real-Time,Energy,Market.
Base,Offer,Segment,,ANS,-
,The,buy,or,sell,offer,segment,of,a,resource,or,virtual,transaction,that,can,consist,of,up,to,10,MW/price,
pairs,that,are,monotonically,increasing.
Base,Residual,Auction,(BRA),,ANS,-
,The,difference,between,the,forecasted,operating,cost,for,a,specific,generating,unit,with,a,limited,numb
er,of,run,hours,and,the,forecasted,future,locational,marginal,price,at,which,the,generator,could,run,not,
violating,the,limitations.,It,is,the,value,associated,with,the,lost,opportunity,to,produce,energy,during,a,h
igher,valued,period,of,time.
Basepoint,,ANS,-,The,desired,megawatt,output,sent,to,a,resource.
Behind-the-Meter,Generation,,ANS,-
,Generation,that,is,physically,located,behind,the,retail,meter,and,does,not,participate,in,the,wholesale,
market,as,a,generation,resource.
Bilateral,Transaction,,ANS,-
,An,agreement,between,two,entities,(one,or,both,being,PJM,Members),for,the,sale,and,delivery,of,a,ser
vice.
, Black,Start,Service,,ANS,-
,Black,Start,Service,enables,Transmission,Providers,and,Transmission,Owners,to,designate,specific,gener
ators,called,Black,Start,Units,whose,location,and,capabilities,are,required,to,re-
energize,the,transmission,system,following,a,system-wide,blackout.
Black,Start,Unit,,ANS,-
,A,Black,Start,Unit,is,a,generating,unit,that,has,equipment,enabling,it,to,start,without,an,outside,electric
al,supply,or,a,generating,unit,with,a,high,operating,factor,(subject,to,Transmission,Provider,concurrence
),with,the,demonstrated,ability,to,automatically,remain,operating,,at,reduced,levels,,when,disconnected
,from,the,grid.
Blackout,(System,Shutdown),,ANS,-
,A,power,outage,(also,power,cut,,blackout,or,power,failure),is,a,short-,or,long-
term,loss,of,the,electric,power,to,an,area.,In,other,words,,the,lights,go,out,at,homes,and,businesses,in,t
he,impacted,area.,This,system,shutdown,can,be,brought,on,by,an,emergency-
forced,outage,in,the,generation,,transmission,or,distribution,system,serving,the,area.
Board,of,Managers,,ANS,-
,The,10,members,of,the,PJM,Board,of,Managers,are,responsible,for,maintaining,PJM's,independence,an
d,,by,exercising,their,prudent,business,judgment,,ensuring,that,PJM,fulfills,its,business,obligations,and,l
egal,and,regulatory,requirements.
Board,of,Managers,,ANS,-,The,PJM,Board,is,the,Board,of,Managers,of,PJM,Interconnection.
Bulk,Electric,System,,ANS,-
,Includes,individual,generation,resources,larger,than,20,MVA,or,a,generation,plan,with,aggregate,capaci
ty,greater,than,75,MVA,that,is,connected,via,a,step-
up,transformer(s),to,facilities,operated,at,voltages,100,kV,or,higher.,(See,NERC,definition)
Bus,,ANS,-
,A,point,of,interconnection,to,the,system,where,power,produced,becomes,available,for,transmission.,Al
so,,an,electrical,conductor,that,serves,as,a,common,connection,for,two,or,more,electrical,circuits.
Capacitor,,ANS,-
,An,electronic,component,that,stores,an,electric,charge,and,releases,it,when,required.,A,capacitor,is,a,d
evice,for,storing,large,quantity,of,electric,charge.,When,connected,to,the,power,system,,capacitors,will,
provide,reactive,power,and,thereby,increase,the,voltage,on,the,system.
RIGHT ANSWERS.
Actual,Load,,ANS,-
,The,Load,Serving,Entity's,total,load,per,Electric,Distribution,Company,zone,,as,determined,through,met
er,readings,and,EDC,load,profiling,methods.
Adjacent,System,or,Adjacent,Control,Area,,ANS,-
,Any,control,area,directly,interconnected,with,another,control,area.
Agent,,ANS,-,An,entity,appointed,by,a,PJM,member,to,do,business,in,PJM,on,behalf,of,the,member.
Aggregate,,ANS,-
,A,group,of,more,than,one,individual,bus,into,a,pricing,node,(pnode),that,is,considered,as,a,whole,in,the
,Energy,Market,and,other,various,systems,and,Markets,within,PJM.
Alternating,Current,,ANS,-
,An,alternating,current,is,the,movement,of,an,electric,charge,that,periodically,reverses,direction.,This,is,
compared,to,the,flow,of,electric,charge,in,direct,current,,which,moves,in,only,one,direction.,Electric,po
wer,is,delivered,to,homes,and,businesses,through,alternating,current.
Analog,Control,,ANS,-
,A,signal,which,,with,respect,to,time,,varies,continuously,in,proportion,to,the,measured,quantity.
Ancillary,Services,,ANS,-
,Ancillary,services,help,balance,the,transmission,system,as,it,moves,electricity,from,generating,sources,t
o,ultimate,consumers.,PJM,operates,several,markets,for,ancillary,services:,the,Synchronized,Reserve,Ma
rket,,the,Non-Synchronized,Reserve,Market,,the,Day-
ahead,Scheduling,Reserve,Market,and,the,Regulation,Market.,There,are,also,several,other,nonmarkets,f
or,ancillary,services,such,as,black,start,service,and,reactive,service.
Annual,Demand,Resources,,ANS,-
,Demand,Resources,which,can,be,called,on,an,unlimited,number,of,times,any,day,of,the,delivery,year,,u
nless,on,an,approved,maintenance,outage.
,Area,Control,Error,(ACE),,ANS,-
,A,measure,of,the,imbalance,between,sources,of,power,and,uses,of,power,within,the,PJM,RTO.,The,ACE
,calculation,uses,the,difference,between,scheduled,and,actual,net,interchange,plus,the,PJM,RTO,freque
ncy,bias,contribution.
Area,Regulation,Signal,,ANS,-
,A,signal,generated,by,the,PJM,Control,Center,and,sent,to,the,plants,,stations,and/or,PJM,members,sch
eduled,to,provide,regulation,to,change,generation,quickly,to,keep,PJM’s,area,control,error,withi
n,allowable,limits.,It,is,used,to,control,for,small,fluctuations,in,load.
Auction,Revenue,Rights,(ARR),,ANS,-
,Entitlements,allocated,annually,to,Firm,Transmission,Service,Customers,that,entitle,the,holder,to,receiv
e,an,allocation,of,the,revenues,from,the,Annual,FTR,Auction.
Automatic,Generation,Control,(AGC),,ANS,-
,Equipment,that,automatically,adjusts,a,Control,Area’s,generation,to,maintain,its,interchange,sc
hedule,plus,its,share,of,frequency,regulation.
Available,Flowgate,Capability,,ANS,-
,A,measure,of,the,flow,capability,remaining,on,a,Flowgate,for,further,commercial,activity,over,and,abov
e,already,committed,uses.,It,is,defined,as,TFC,less,Existing,Transmission,Commitments,(ETC),,less,a,Capa
city,Benefit,Margin,,less,a,Transmission,Reliability,Margin,,plus,Postbacks,and,plus,Counterflows.,(NERC,
definition)
Available,Transfer,Capability,(ATC),,ANS,-
,The,amount,of,energy,above,"base,case",conditions,that,can,be,transferred,reliably,from,one,area,to,an
other,over,all,transmission,facilities,without,violating,any,pre-,or,post-
contingency,criteria,for,the,facilities,in,the,PJM,Control,Area,under,specified,system,conditions.
Balancing,Authority,,ANS,-
,The,responsible,entity,that,integrates,resource,plans,ahead,of,time,,maintains,Demand,and,resource,ba
lance,within,a,Balancing,Authority,Area,,and,supports,Interconnection,frequency,in,real,time.,[See,NERC
,definition]
,Balancing,Authority,Area,,ANS,-
,The,collection,of,generation,,transmission,,and,loads,within,the,metered,boundaries,of,the,Balancing,A
uthority.,The,Balancing,Authority,maintains,load-resource,balance,within,this,area.
Balancing,Energy,Market,,ANS,-
,Matches,the,power,output,of,the,generators,within,the,electric,power,system(s),and,energy,purchased,
from,entities,outside,the,electric,power,system(s),with,the,load,within,the,electric,power,system(s).
Balancing,Operating,Reserves,,ANS,-
,Generation,and,demand,response,resources,that,operate,as,requested,by,PJM,are,guaranteed,to,recov
er,the,costs,of,their,offer,amounts,through,balancing,operating,reserve,credits,that,are,charged,to,mark
et,participants.,Accounting,for,these,"make-whole",costs,is,performed,on,a,daily,basis,,for,both,the,Day-
Ahead,Energy,Market,and,the,Real-Time,Energy,Market.
Base,Offer,Segment,,ANS,-
,The,buy,or,sell,offer,segment,of,a,resource,or,virtual,transaction,that,can,consist,of,up,to,10,MW/price,
pairs,that,are,monotonically,increasing.
Base,Residual,Auction,(BRA),,ANS,-
,The,difference,between,the,forecasted,operating,cost,for,a,specific,generating,unit,with,a,limited,numb
er,of,run,hours,and,the,forecasted,future,locational,marginal,price,at,which,the,generator,could,run,not,
violating,the,limitations.,It,is,the,value,associated,with,the,lost,opportunity,to,produce,energy,during,a,h
igher,valued,period,of,time.
Basepoint,,ANS,-,The,desired,megawatt,output,sent,to,a,resource.
Behind-the-Meter,Generation,,ANS,-
,Generation,that,is,physically,located,behind,the,retail,meter,and,does,not,participate,in,the,wholesale,
market,as,a,generation,resource.
Bilateral,Transaction,,ANS,-
,An,agreement,between,two,entities,(one,or,both,being,PJM,Members),for,the,sale,and,delivery,of,a,ser
vice.
, Black,Start,Service,,ANS,-
,Black,Start,Service,enables,Transmission,Providers,and,Transmission,Owners,to,designate,specific,gener
ators,called,Black,Start,Units,whose,location,and,capabilities,are,required,to,re-
energize,the,transmission,system,following,a,system-wide,blackout.
Black,Start,Unit,,ANS,-
,A,Black,Start,Unit,is,a,generating,unit,that,has,equipment,enabling,it,to,start,without,an,outside,electric
al,supply,or,a,generating,unit,with,a,high,operating,factor,(subject,to,Transmission,Provider,concurrence
),with,the,demonstrated,ability,to,automatically,remain,operating,,at,reduced,levels,,when,disconnected
,from,the,grid.
Blackout,(System,Shutdown),,ANS,-
,A,power,outage,(also,power,cut,,blackout,or,power,failure),is,a,short-,or,long-
term,loss,of,the,electric,power,to,an,area.,In,other,words,,the,lights,go,out,at,homes,and,businesses,in,t
he,impacted,area.,This,system,shutdown,can,be,brought,on,by,an,emergency-
forced,outage,in,the,generation,,transmission,or,distribution,system,serving,the,area.
Board,of,Managers,,ANS,-
,The,10,members,of,the,PJM,Board,of,Managers,are,responsible,for,maintaining,PJM's,independence,an
d,,by,exercising,their,prudent,business,judgment,,ensuring,that,PJM,fulfills,its,business,obligations,and,l
egal,and,regulatory,requirements.
Board,of,Managers,,ANS,-,The,PJM,Board,is,the,Board,of,Managers,of,PJM,Interconnection.
Bulk,Electric,System,,ANS,-
,Includes,individual,generation,resources,larger,than,20,MVA,or,a,generation,plan,with,aggregate,capaci
ty,greater,than,75,MVA,that,is,connected,via,a,step-
up,transformer(s),to,facilities,operated,at,voltages,100,kV,or,higher.,(See,NERC,definition)
Bus,,ANS,-
,A,point,of,interconnection,to,the,system,where,power,produced,becomes,available,for,transmission.,Al
so,,an,electrical,conductor,that,serves,as,a,common,connection,for,two,or,more,electrical,circuits.
Capacitor,,ANS,-
,An,electronic,component,that,stores,an,electric,charge,and,releases,it,when,required.,A,capacitor,is,a,d
evice,for,storing,large,quantity,of,electric,charge.,When,connected,to,the,power,system,,capacitors,will,
provide,reactive,power,and,thereby,increase,the,voltage,on,the,system.
