NSG 531 Advanced Pharmacology Exam
2 With Correct Answers 2025
Pharmacodynamics: <correct answer>what the drug does to the body
What is an LDR curve? <correct answer>A log dose response curve, or a
curve that describes the relationship bewteen the drug effect (Y axis) and
the log of the dose (X axis).
What is the difference between quantal and graded LDR curves? <correct
answer>Graded: the effect of the drug falls on a scale (i.e. how many
mmHG did the BP decline when plotted against an increasing log dose?)
Quantal: the "response" is predefined (i.e. a SBP < 130 mmHg) and data is
plotted to show who was affected and who wasn't. an either/or situation.
Potency <correct answer>The dose of a drug necessary to produce 50% of
a drug's maximal effect (ED50). Sort of tells you "how much bang you get
for your buck" in terms of solely dosage amount.
If the maximal response to a new medication is a 50mmHg decline in SBP,
what is the ED50 on a graded LDR curve? <correct answer>The dosage
that will produce a 25mmHg declined in SBP.
If the desired response for a new medication is a decrease in SBP to < 130
mmHg, what is the ED50 on a quantal LDR curve? <correct answer>The
,dosage associated with reaching the target BP (< 130) in 50% of the
population.
Efficacy <correct answer>The maximum response that a drug is capable of
producing.
Compare each drug's potency and efficacy <correct answer>
What does the steepness of an LDR curve indicate? <correct answer>What
degree of effect a dose change will have (slight change on a steep curve
will elicit large effects, big change on a flat curve will elicit small effects).
ED50 <correct answer>The dose of a medication that produces a specific
therapeutic effect in 50% of the population.
TD50 <correct answer>The dose of a medication that produces a specific
toxic effect in 50% of the population.
Therapeutic index <correct answer>TD50/ED50, or the space between the
therapeutic and toxic LDR curves of a drug.
True or false: a drug with a wide therapeutic index is generally safer than a
drug with a narrow therapeutic index. <correct answer>True
Calculate the therapeutic index of a drug if the ED50 = 0.4 and the TD50 =
40. <correct answer>40/0.4 = 100
, True or false: you can visually compare the therapeutic indexes, and
safety, of two drugs with different slopes. <correct answer>False - if the two
drugs have curves that are not parallel to each other they are not easily
compared.
Stereoisomer <correct answer>A drug that has both an active and inactive
isomer, formulated so that the active isomer is at a dose that achieves the
therapeutic response.
Enantiomers <correct answer>Mirror image stereoisomers (have the same
chemical structure with a different orientation) that have different
pharmacological effects.
Racemic mixture <correct answer>An equal mixture of two enantiomers.
Ex: Albuterol, consisting of the active isomer (R-albuterol) and an inactive
isomer (S-albuterol). Effects from the inactive isomer are usually clinically
insignificant.
Ka <correct answer>The volume needed to get one mole of unbound drug
when 50% of the target receptors are occupied.
Kd <correct answer>The concentration of drug in the plasma when 50% of
the target receptors are occupied
Partial agonist <correct answer>A drug that binds to a receptor and
stimulates an effect that has both lower potency (curve is shifted right of the
full agonist) and efficacy (curve is shorter in height).
2 With Correct Answers 2025
Pharmacodynamics: <correct answer>what the drug does to the body
What is an LDR curve? <correct answer>A log dose response curve, or a
curve that describes the relationship bewteen the drug effect (Y axis) and
the log of the dose (X axis).
What is the difference between quantal and graded LDR curves? <correct
answer>Graded: the effect of the drug falls on a scale (i.e. how many
mmHG did the BP decline when plotted against an increasing log dose?)
Quantal: the "response" is predefined (i.e. a SBP < 130 mmHg) and data is
plotted to show who was affected and who wasn't. an either/or situation.
Potency <correct answer>The dose of a drug necessary to produce 50% of
a drug's maximal effect (ED50). Sort of tells you "how much bang you get
for your buck" in terms of solely dosage amount.
If the maximal response to a new medication is a 50mmHg decline in SBP,
what is the ED50 on a graded LDR curve? <correct answer>The dosage
that will produce a 25mmHg declined in SBP.
If the desired response for a new medication is a decrease in SBP to < 130
mmHg, what is the ED50 on a quantal LDR curve? <correct answer>The
,dosage associated with reaching the target BP (< 130) in 50% of the
population.
Efficacy <correct answer>The maximum response that a drug is capable of
producing.
Compare each drug's potency and efficacy <correct answer>
What does the steepness of an LDR curve indicate? <correct answer>What
degree of effect a dose change will have (slight change on a steep curve
will elicit large effects, big change on a flat curve will elicit small effects).
ED50 <correct answer>The dose of a medication that produces a specific
therapeutic effect in 50% of the population.
TD50 <correct answer>The dose of a medication that produces a specific
toxic effect in 50% of the population.
Therapeutic index <correct answer>TD50/ED50, or the space between the
therapeutic and toxic LDR curves of a drug.
True or false: a drug with a wide therapeutic index is generally safer than a
drug with a narrow therapeutic index. <correct answer>True
Calculate the therapeutic index of a drug if the ED50 = 0.4 and the TD50 =
40. <correct answer>40/0.4 = 100
, True or false: you can visually compare the therapeutic indexes, and
safety, of two drugs with different slopes. <correct answer>False - if the two
drugs have curves that are not parallel to each other they are not easily
compared.
Stereoisomer <correct answer>A drug that has both an active and inactive
isomer, formulated so that the active isomer is at a dose that achieves the
therapeutic response.
Enantiomers <correct answer>Mirror image stereoisomers (have the same
chemical structure with a different orientation) that have different
pharmacological effects.
Racemic mixture <correct answer>An equal mixture of two enantiomers.
Ex: Albuterol, consisting of the active isomer (R-albuterol) and an inactive
isomer (S-albuterol). Effects from the inactive isomer are usually clinically
insignificant.
Ka <correct answer>The volume needed to get one mole of unbound drug
when 50% of the target receptors are occupied.
Kd <correct answer>The concentration of drug in the plasma when 50% of
the target receptors are occupied
Partial agonist <correct answer>A drug that binds to a receptor and
stimulates an effect that has both lower potency (curve is shifted right of the
full agonist) and efficacy (curve is shorter in height).
