Marine Biology Exam 4 Questions and Answers |Complete Solutions Graded A+|100% Correct
What are cold seeps? Oil and natural gas seep out of rocks, it is the same temperature as
the surrounding water
the food web is based on chemosynthesis
these are usually found near plate boundaries
Describe hydrothermal vents Associated with mid-ocean ridges
Food web based on chemosynthesis
Tube worms possess photosynthetic bacteria inside their bodies
Why are fishing regulations difficult to determine? It is difficult to determine how fishing
affects the fish populations. Fish migrate and are difficult to keep track of. They need to
determine what the catch limit should be to sustain the viability of the polulation
Describe fishing of the orange roughy The have slow population growth combined with
overfishing, so population have severely declines
What is maximum sustainable yield? The maximum catch that can be taken from a fish
population over time while maintaining the fish population
What are the assumptions of sustainable yield? fishing populations show a sigmoidal growth
pattern
populations are governed by density-dependent factors
if rate of catch is less than the rate of population growth, the fishery is sustainable
Describe fishing of sardines Sardines show natural fluctuations in populations due to water
temperature (they like warm water)
These fluctuations are independent of fishing, so it is difficult to determine how fishing affects
sardine populations which makes it difficult to establish fishing regulations
, What is the largest fishery in the U.S. and describe it? Alaskan pollock
overfishing of pollock means fewer seals and sea lions which drives orcas to eat sea otter which
drives p sea urchin populations and destroys kelp forests
Strict Alaskan pollock fishing regulations have been established because of this
What are the most popular fishing methods? Trawling, purse seining is the second most
popular, then bottom trawling which is bad for the sea floor because of habitat destruction
What is bycatch? Catch of unwanted species
Shrimp fisheries are bad for bycatch
Dolphin-safe tuna- get caught in purse seining nets
What is aquaculture? Farming of marine organisms
farming of carnivorous fish requires that they catch and feed them other fish
Tilapia are herbivores and becoming more popular to farm
Bivalves are sustainable and environmentally friendly farmed organisms
How can aquaculture be bad? Can lead to habitat destruction, pollution, and genetic
pollution
Shrimp farming can destroy mangroves and pollutes water
Wild caught versus farmed salmon farmed salmon are higher in calories and fat because
they are not fed as well as wild salmon, farmed salmon are treated with antibiotics because of
high population density which can be bad to people who are allergic to those antibiotics
genetic pollution of farmed salmon with wild salmon
What are the environmental needs for a kelp forest? cold water less than 20 degrees C
What are cold seeps? Oil and natural gas seep out of rocks, it is the same temperature as
the surrounding water
the food web is based on chemosynthesis
these are usually found near plate boundaries
Describe hydrothermal vents Associated with mid-ocean ridges
Food web based on chemosynthesis
Tube worms possess photosynthetic bacteria inside their bodies
Why are fishing regulations difficult to determine? It is difficult to determine how fishing
affects the fish populations. Fish migrate and are difficult to keep track of. They need to
determine what the catch limit should be to sustain the viability of the polulation
Describe fishing of the orange roughy The have slow population growth combined with
overfishing, so population have severely declines
What is maximum sustainable yield? The maximum catch that can be taken from a fish
population over time while maintaining the fish population
What are the assumptions of sustainable yield? fishing populations show a sigmoidal growth
pattern
populations are governed by density-dependent factors
if rate of catch is less than the rate of population growth, the fishery is sustainable
Describe fishing of sardines Sardines show natural fluctuations in populations due to water
temperature (they like warm water)
These fluctuations are independent of fishing, so it is difficult to determine how fishing affects
sardine populations which makes it difficult to establish fishing regulations
, What is the largest fishery in the U.S. and describe it? Alaskan pollock
overfishing of pollock means fewer seals and sea lions which drives orcas to eat sea otter which
drives p sea urchin populations and destroys kelp forests
Strict Alaskan pollock fishing regulations have been established because of this
What are the most popular fishing methods? Trawling, purse seining is the second most
popular, then bottom trawling which is bad for the sea floor because of habitat destruction
What is bycatch? Catch of unwanted species
Shrimp fisheries are bad for bycatch
Dolphin-safe tuna- get caught in purse seining nets
What is aquaculture? Farming of marine organisms
farming of carnivorous fish requires that they catch and feed them other fish
Tilapia are herbivores and becoming more popular to farm
Bivalves are sustainable and environmentally friendly farmed organisms
How can aquaculture be bad? Can lead to habitat destruction, pollution, and genetic
pollution
Shrimp farming can destroy mangroves and pollutes water
Wild caught versus farmed salmon farmed salmon are higher in calories and fat because
they are not fed as well as wild salmon, farmed salmon are treated with antibiotics because of
high population density which can be bad to people who are allergic to those antibiotics
genetic pollution of farmed salmon with wild salmon
What are the environmental needs for a kelp forest? cold water less than 20 degrees C
