CRNA PREP 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Epinephrine receptors - ....ANSWER ...-alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
Epinephrine dose - ....ANSWER ...-IV 2-10mcg/min
Epinephrine effects - ....ANSWER ...-increased systolic BP
- alpha receptors = vasoconstriction
- beta1 receptor = cardiac stimulant
decreased diastolic BP
- beta2 = dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessel
Phenylephrine receptors - ....ANSWER ...-alpha 1
Phenylephrine dose - ....ANSWER ...-40-200 mcg/min
Phenylephrine effects - ....ANSWER ...-vasoconstriction, and reflex bradycardia
Milrinone mechanism of action - ....ANSWER ...-Inhibits PDE-3 → ↑cAMP
↑ cAMP in heart: ↑[Ca]cytosol → inotropic
↑ cAMP in blood vessels: ↑Ca reuptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum → vasodilation
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 1
, Epinephrine mechanism of action - ....ANSWER ...-Direct-acting alpha and beta
agonist. Alpha: vasoconstriction. Beta-1: positive inotropic, chronotropic, and
dromotropic effects. Beta-2: bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of skeletal
vasculature. Blocks histamine receptors.
milrinone - ....ANSWER ...-phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Septal leads and artery - ....ANSWER ...-V1, V2, - LM
Inferior leads and artery - ....ANSWER ...-II, III, aVF
RCA
Right arterial pressure (RAP) - ....ANSWER ...-4-8 mmHg
Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) - ....ANSWER ...-15-30/5-15 mmHg
Pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (Wedge) - ....ANSWER ...-8-12 mmHg
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) - ....ANSWER ...-100-250 dynes/sec/cm-5
Pulmonary vascular resistance - ....ANSWER ...-resistance to blood flow out of the
right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory system
Pulmonary vascular resistance meaning - ....ANSWER ...-resistance to blood flow
out of the right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory system
Wedge pressure - ....ANSWER ...-Intravascular pressure measured by a catheter
inserted into the pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz catheter) to permit indirect measurement
of mean left atrial pressure.
Low lateral leads and artery - ....ANSWER ...-V5, V6. LCX
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 2
ANSWERS
Epinephrine receptors - ....ANSWER ...-alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
Epinephrine dose - ....ANSWER ...-IV 2-10mcg/min
Epinephrine effects - ....ANSWER ...-increased systolic BP
- alpha receptors = vasoconstriction
- beta1 receptor = cardiac stimulant
decreased diastolic BP
- beta2 = dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessel
Phenylephrine receptors - ....ANSWER ...-alpha 1
Phenylephrine dose - ....ANSWER ...-40-200 mcg/min
Phenylephrine effects - ....ANSWER ...-vasoconstriction, and reflex bradycardia
Milrinone mechanism of action - ....ANSWER ...-Inhibits PDE-3 → ↑cAMP
↑ cAMP in heart: ↑[Ca]cytosol → inotropic
↑ cAMP in blood vessels: ↑Ca reuptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum → vasodilation
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 1
, Epinephrine mechanism of action - ....ANSWER ...-Direct-acting alpha and beta
agonist. Alpha: vasoconstriction. Beta-1: positive inotropic, chronotropic, and
dromotropic effects. Beta-2: bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of skeletal
vasculature. Blocks histamine receptors.
milrinone - ....ANSWER ...-phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Septal leads and artery - ....ANSWER ...-V1, V2, - LM
Inferior leads and artery - ....ANSWER ...-II, III, aVF
RCA
Right arterial pressure (RAP) - ....ANSWER ...-4-8 mmHg
Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) - ....ANSWER ...-15-30/5-15 mmHg
Pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (Wedge) - ....ANSWER ...-8-12 mmHg
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) - ....ANSWER ...-100-250 dynes/sec/cm-5
Pulmonary vascular resistance - ....ANSWER ...-resistance to blood flow out of the
right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory system
Pulmonary vascular resistance meaning - ....ANSWER ...-resistance to blood flow
out of the right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory system
Wedge pressure - ....ANSWER ...-Intravascular pressure measured by a catheter
inserted into the pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz catheter) to permit indirect measurement
of mean left atrial pressure.
Low lateral leads and artery - ....ANSWER ...-V5, V6. LCX
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 2
