LINGUISTICS EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.

LINGUISTICS EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS.
study of speech sounds themselves
-their production and perception
- basic units= phones ( actual representation of speech sounds)
-enclosed in square brackets [...]
-studies mechanics of speech and perception
-concrete phenomena is determined by physical factors of speech and largely dependent on
specific lgs.
-directly observable data

phonetics

- study of sound systems
-about your knowledge of how to use speech sounds in your language ( pat of mental
grammar that concerns speech sounds)
-basic unit; phonemes ( mental representation of speech sounds)
- inclosed in sashes /.../
- studies systems of contrast among speech sounds and their behavior
- abstarct cyber phenomena that may vary lg from lg
-must be inferred from phonetic data using scientific method

phonology

___ languages may have the same phones but we use them differently ( have different
phonemic representation of them )

2

_____ transcription
- records phonemes ( allphonic detail)
-zommed IN
- enclosed in [...]
- allophones

,-focuses on intricate detail
-high resolution

Narrow

____ transcription
-low resolution
-records sounds of phonemic level
- zoomed OUT
-enclosed in /.../
- leaves out allphonic details that are predictable by rule
- rules are hypotheses that speaks unconciously use to fill in data ,economizing on memory
storage
- brushstrokes bare bones

borad

- variant pronunciation of phonemes that are never used to distinguish one word from
another
- prefix "allo" means " other", second part "phone" means sound
- surface level variations

allophone

Narrow Transcription;
__________/nasalized vowels [`v]
devoicing vowel[v0]
lengthening vowel[v:]
____vowel

nasalization
stressed

1. In english, some syllables are most prominent than others---> ____
2. unstressed vowels can be devoiced when between _____ consonants
3. english stressed vowels are lengthened before word-final voiced consonants and at the

, end of words
4. _____ ( variants) of stressed phonemes ( schwa and wedges) are dependent on stress
5. english vowels are ____ before nasal consonants

stressed
voiceless
allophones
nasalized

rule of allophony;
1. a vowel is nasalized before a nasal consonant
2. An unstressed vowel may be devoiced between ____ voiceless consonants
3. A stressed vowel is lengthened before word final, voiced consonants and at the ends of
words

2

_____
- Khrushcheve test- most salient syllable in a words purpose of emphasis
- syllables are longer, louder, higher than unstressed syllables
- allow more phonemic vowel contrasts than unstressed syllables
-stop consonants that begining with stressed syllables are more forcefully articulated
resulting in a aspiration of voiceless stops
-every word spoken in isolation has 1 syllable with primary stress
- placement of stress is indicated with accent mark over stressed syllable vowel ( ex;
/'plésmant,/)

stress

Vowel _____;
- optional rule; Devoice an unstressed vowel between 2 voiceless consonants
- faster speech, more likely rule ^ is to apply
- stress vowel- lengthened
-vowels that are not lengthened in syllables are unstressed or nonword final
Allophones of english schwa