Five Options open to Ethical, theory-based counselors
◦Ideological purity
◦Theoretical integration
‣ Applying two or more theoretical approaches. “Two-heads are better than one”
◦Technical eclecticism
‣ Combining outcomes research, pragmatic of situation, and intuition (intuition is important
but never should be the default)
◦Assimilative integration
‣ Prefer one theory but feel comfortable utilizing aspects of others
◦Focus on common factions
Why conflict has been a good thing for promoting new theories
◦Adler v Freud (led to Adlerian therapy)
◦Adler v Frankl (led to logotherapy)
◦Horney v Psychoanalytic establishment (led to feminist theory)
◦Skinner v Rogers (behavior)
◦Behaviors v cognitive theorists (led to a mix of both)
Multimodal Therapy (Arnold Lazarus)
◦Behavior - observable and measurable
◦Affective responses - emotions and mood
◦Sensations - each of the five senses
◦Imagery - mental pictures and visualization
◦Cognitions - self-talk and beliefs
◦Interpersonal relationships - speaks for itself
◦Drugs and biology - eating, sleeping, substances
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (Francine Shapiro, 1989)
◦Integrates…
‣ Psychodynamic
‣ Behavioral
‣ Cognitive
‣ Person-centered
‣ Body-centered
◦They are unsure exactly how it works but it may encourage the brain to store the trauma
memories in a different part of the brain
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (Marsha Linehan, 1993)
◦Developed initially for women with borderline personality disorder
◦Largely combination of PCT and CBT (and Buddhism)
◦Dialectical dance - finding the balance between acceptance and change. Between validation
and teaching them new problem-solving strategy. Focus on the environment and the individual
choices they are making.
◦Focus on skill development
‣ Mindfulness
‣ Interpersonal skills
‣ Problem-solving
‣ Emotional regulation
‣ Distress tolerance
◦Ideological purity
◦Theoretical integration
‣ Applying two or more theoretical approaches. “Two-heads are better than one”
◦Technical eclecticism
‣ Combining outcomes research, pragmatic of situation, and intuition (intuition is important
but never should be the default)
◦Assimilative integration
‣ Prefer one theory but feel comfortable utilizing aspects of others
◦Focus on common factions
Why conflict has been a good thing for promoting new theories
◦Adler v Freud (led to Adlerian therapy)
◦Adler v Frankl (led to logotherapy)
◦Horney v Psychoanalytic establishment (led to feminist theory)
◦Skinner v Rogers (behavior)
◦Behaviors v cognitive theorists (led to a mix of both)
Multimodal Therapy (Arnold Lazarus)
◦Behavior - observable and measurable
◦Affective responses - emotions and mood
◦Sensations - each of the five senses
◦Imagery - mental pictures and visualization
◦Cognitions - self-talk and beliefs
◦Interpersonal relationships - speaks for itself
◦Drugs and biology - eating, sleeping, substances
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (Francine Shapiro, 1989)
◦Integrates…
‣ Psychodynamic
‣ Behavioral
‣ Cognitive
‣ Person-centered
‣ Body-centered
◦They are unsure exactly how it works but it may encourage the brain to store the trauma
memories in a different part of the brain
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (Marsha Linehan, 1993)
◦Developed initially for women with borderline personality disorder
◦Largely combination of PCT and CBT (and Buddhism)
◦Dialectical dance - finding the balance between acceptance and change. Between validation
and teaching them new problem-solving strategy. Focus on the environment and the individual
choices they are making.
◦Focus on skill development
‣ Mindfulness
‣ Interpersonal skills
‣ Problem-solving
‣ Emotional regulation
‣ Distress tolerance
