TEST BANK FOR Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated Handbook 4th Edition By Karen G. Duderstadt, And Victoria F. Keeton.||ALL CHAPTERS INCLUDED.||LATEST UPDATE

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Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated
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Handbook 4th Edition
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Duderstadt Test Bank ff ff




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Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ff




1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
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ff describes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff


normal limits.
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b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff




c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff


occurring first.
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d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth. ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff




ANS: A ff




Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
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ff function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can
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ff vary normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a
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definition for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle
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ff organization occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more
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complex process that is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately
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ff measured. Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to
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identify any delays or deficits.
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b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
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c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
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d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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ANS: C ff




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
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ff developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
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ff time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development
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ff that requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a
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nurturing environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation
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specific to their developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed
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ff in a predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: C ff




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
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ff factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
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ff not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
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ff factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth
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ff and development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a
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significant role in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The
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ff environment can influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but
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environmental factors cannot eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth
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ff and plays a significant role throughout childhood.
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4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the
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ff period of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from
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f f fantasy is the period of cognitive development.
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a. sensorimotor




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