,Advanced Geriatrics Made Easy: Test
Bank for Nurse Practitioners and Students
📘 Table of Contents
Unit I: The Healthy Older Adult
1. Changes with Aging
2. Health Promotion
3. Exercise in Older Adults
4. Nutritional Support in the Older Adult
5. Settings of Care (new chapter in this edition)
Unit II: Assessment
6. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
7. Symptoms and Syndromes (covers common geriatric
syndromes and their atypical presentations)
Unit III: Treating Disorders
(Returns to system-based chapters with signal-symptoms, SORT
evidence ratings, in-text case studies)
8. Dermatologic Disorders
9. Head, Neck, and Face Disorders
10. Cardiovascular Disorders
11. Respiratory Disorders
12. Peripheral Vascular Disorders
13. Gastrointestinal Disorders
,14. Urologic and Renal Disorders
15. Gynecologic Disorders
16. Musculoskeletal Disorders
17. Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
18. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
19. Hematologic Disorders
20. Psychosocial Disorders
Unit IV: Complex Illness
21. Polypharmacy
22. Chronic Illness and the APRN
23. Palliative Care and End-of-Life
,Chapter 1 “Changes With Aging” from Advanced Practice
Nursing in the Care of Older Adults, 3rd Ed.
Fundamental Considerations in Gerontology
1. An 80-year-old patient expresses frustration that
complicated treatment regimens “don’t seem to help much.”
Which principle of gerontological nursing best guides your
response?
A. Patient-centered care
B. Evidence-based practice
C. Disease-specific protocols
D. Cost-containment strategies
Answer: A
Rationale:
o Correct: Patient-centered care emphasizes tailoring
interventions to older adults’ goals, values, and
priorities, ensuring treatments feel meaningful to
them.
o B: Evidence-based practice is important but must be
balanced with individual preferences.
o C: Disease-specific protocols may neglect the older
adult’s holistic needs.
o D: Cost-containment can undermine quality and fails
to address frustration with efficacy.
,2. When assessing an older adult, the nurse understands that
chronological age alone is a poor predictor of health because:
A. All older adults experience the same decline.
B. Functional age varies widely among individuals.
C. Socioeconomic status has no impact on aging.
D. Genetic factors are identical across populations.
Answer: B
Rationale:
o Correct: Functional age (physical, cognitive, social
function) differs greatly and better predicts health
than years lived.
o A: Decline is highly variable, not uniform.
o C: Socioeconomic factors strongly influence health
trajectories.
o D: Genetic diversity leads to different aging patterns.
3. The concept of “successful aging” includes all EXCEPT:
A. Avoidance of disease
B. Maintenance of cognitive and physical function
C. Active engagement with life
D. Complete prevention of any age-related inconvenience
Answer: D
Rationale:
, o Correct: Successful aging acknowledges some
inconvenience is inevitable; the goal is high function
and engagement.
o A, B, C: All are core tenets of successful aging models
(absence of disability, preservation of function, social
participation).
4. A key psychosocial task in Erikson’s theory for older adults is:
A. Initiative vs. guilt
B. Identity vs. role confusion
C. Generativity vs. stagnation
D. Integrity vs. despair
Answer: D
Rationale:
o Correct: In late life, reflecting on one’s life to achieve
a sense of integrity or face despair is central.
o A, B, C: Earlier developmental stages.
5. In planning health promotion for seniors, you prioritize
interventions that address:
A. Health literacy and self-management
B. Maximizing bed rest
C. Isolation from community resources
D. Decreasing social support
, Answer: A
Rationale:
o Correct: Enhancing health literacy and
self-management empowers older adults and
prevents decline.
o B, C, D: Contradict best practices: rest should be
balanced with activity; social isolation worsens
outcomes; social support is protective.
Normal Physiological Changes with Aging
6. Which cardiovascular change is considered a normal part of
aging?
A. Resting systolic blood pressure increase
B. Progressive atherosclerotic plaque occlusion
C. Reversible left ventricular hypertrophy
D. Acute myocardial infarction episodes
Answer: A
Rationale:
o Correct: Age-related arterial stiffening raises systolic
pressure; it does not necessarily indicate pathology
alone.
o B: Plaque formation is pathological.
o C: Hypertrophy due to hypertension is not normal.
, o D: Infarctions are pathological events.
7. Musculoskeletal aging is characterized by:
A. Increased bone density
B. Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia)
C. Enhanced joint cartilage thickness
D. Spontaneous muscle regeneration
Answer: B
Rationale:
o Correct: Sarcopenia—progressive loss of skeletal
muscle—is expected with aging.
o A: Bone density declines (osteopenia/osteoporosis).
o C: Cartilage thins, contributing to osteoarthritis.
o D: Regeneration capacity diminishes.
8. Renal changes with normal aging include:
A. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B. Reduced renal blood flow and GFR
C. Complete loss of urine concentration ability
D. Pathological azotemia
Answer: B
Rationale:
, o Correct: Gradual decline in renal blood flow and GFR
is physiologic.
o A: Opposite occurs.
o C: Concentrating ability declines but is not entirely
lost.
o D: Azotemia indicates disease.
9. Pulmonary function decline in older adults commonly shows:
A. Increased vital capacity
B. Decreased chest wall compliance
C. Reversible airway obstruction
D. Improved gas exchange
Answer: B
Rationale:
o Correct: Stiffer chest wall and reduced muscle
strength decrease compliance.
o A: Vital capacity decreases.
o C: Obstruction from COPD is pathological, not normal.
o D: Gas exchange efficiency declines.
10. Sensory changes with aging include all EXCEPT:
A. Presbycusis (hearing loss)
B. Decreased taste bud sensitivity
, C. Enhanced visual acuity
D. Reduced vibration sense
Answer: C
Rationale:
o Correct: Visual acuity generally declines (presbyopia,
cataracts).
o A, B, D: All are normal sensory declines.
Interpretation of Laboratory Values Specific to Older Adults
11. An 82-year-old’s serum creatinine appears normal at
1.2 mg/dL. What must you consider?
A. It underestimates renal impairment due to reduced muscle
mass.
B. It overestimates GFR in older adults.
C. It has no relation to muscle mass.
D. It is always a reliable GFR marker.
Answer: A
Rationale:
o Correct: Low muscle mass produces less creatinine, so
“normal” levels may mask reduced GFR.
o B: Actually it overestimates GFR.
o C, D: Both false; muscle mass affects creatinine
production.
Bank for Nurse Practitioners and Students
📘 Table of Contents
Unit I: The Healthy Older Adult
1. Changes with Aging
2. Health Promotion
3. Exercise in Older Adults
4. Nutritional Support in the Older Adult
5. Settings of Care (new chapter in this edition)
Unit II: Assessment
6. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
7. Symptoms and Syndromes (covers common geriatric
syndromes and their atypical presentations)
Unit III: Treating Disorders
(Returns to system-based chapters with signal-symptoms, SORT
evidence ratings, in-text case studies)
8. Dermatologic Disorders
9. Head, Neck, and Face Disorders
10. Cardiovascular Disorders
11. Respiratory Disorders
12. Peripheral Vascular Disorders
13. Gastrointestinal Disorders
,14. Urologic and Renal Disorders
15. Gynecologic Disorders
16. Musculoskeletal Disorders
17. Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
18. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
19. Hematologic Disorders
20. Psychosocial Disorders
Unit IV: Complex Illness
21. Polypharmacy
22. Chronic Illness and the APRN
23. Palliative Care and End-of-Life
,Chapter 1 “Changes With Aging” from Advanced Practice
Nursing in the Care of Older Adults, 3rd Ed.
Fundamental Considerations in Gerontology
1. An 80-year-old patient expresses frustration that
complicated treatment regimens “don’t seem to help much.”
Which principle of gerontological nursing best guides your
response?
A. Patient-centered care
B. Evidence-based practice
C. Disease-specific protocols
D. Cost-containment strategies
Answer: A
Rationale:
o Correct: Patient-centered care emphasizes tailoring
interventions to older adults’ goals, values, and
priorities, ensuring treatments feel meaningful to
them.
o B: Evidence-based practice is important but must be
balanced with individual preferences.
o C: Disease-specific protocols may neglect the older
adult’s holistic needs.
o D: Cost-containment can undermine quality and fails
to address frustration with efficacy.
,2. When assessing an older adult, the nurse understands that
chronological age alone is a poor predictor of health because:
A. All older adults experience the same decline.
B. Functional age varies widely among individuals.
C. Socioeconomic status has no impact on aging.
D. Genetic factors are identical across populations.
Answer: B
Rationale:
o Correct: Functional age (physical, cognitive, social
function) differs greatly and better predicts health
than years lived.
o A: Decline is highly variable, not uniform.
o C: Socioeconomic factors strongly influence health
trajectories.
o D: Genetic diversity leads to different aging patterns.
3. The concept of “successful aging” includes all EXCEPT:
A. Avoidance of disease
B. Maintenance of cognitive and physical function
C. Active engagement with life
D. Complete prevention of any age-related inconvenience
Answer: D
Rationale:
, o Correct: Successful aging acknowledges some
inconvenience is inevitable; the goal is high function
and engagement.
o A, B, C: All are core tenets of successful aging models
(absence of disability, preservation of function, social
participation).
4. A key psychosocial task in Erikson’s theory for older adults is:
A. Initiative vs. guilt
B. Identity vs. role confusion
C. Generativity vs. stagnation
D. Integrity vs. despair
Answer: D
Rationale:
o Correct: In late life, reflecting on one’s life to achieve
a sense of integrity or face despair is central.
o A, B, C: Earlier developmental stages.
5. In planning health promotion for seniors, you prioritize
interventions that address:
A. Health literacy and self-management
B. Maximizing bed rest
C. Isolation from community resources
D. Decreasing social support
, Answer: A
Rationale:
o Correct: Enhancing health literacy and
self-management empowers older adults and
prevents decline.
o B, C, D: Contradict best practices: rest should be
balanced with activity; social isolation worsens
outcomes; social support is protective.
Normal Physiological Changes with Aging
6. Which cardiovascular change is considered a normal part of
aging?
A. Resting systolic blood pressure increase
B. Progressive atherosclerotic plaque occlusion
C. Reversible left ventricular hypertrophy
D. Acute myocardial infarction episodes
Answer: A
Rationale:
o Correct: Age-related arterial stiffening raises systolic
pressure; it does not necessarily indicate pathology
alone.
o B: Plaque formation is pathological.
o C: Hypertrophy due to hypertension is not normal.
, o D: Infarctions are pathological events.
7. Musculoskeletal aging is characterized by:
A. Increased bone density
B. Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia)
C. Enhanced joint cartilage thickness
D. Spontaneous muscle regeneration
Answer: B
Rationale:
o Correct: Sarcopenia—progressive loss of skeletal
muscle—is expected with aging.
o A: Bone density declines (osteopenia/osteoporosis).
o C: Cartilage thins, contributing to osteoarthritis.
o D: Regeneration capacity diminishes.
8. Renal changes with normal aging include:
A. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B. Reduced renal blood flow and GFR
C. Complete loss of urine concentration ability
D. Pathological azotemia
Answer: B
Rationale:
, o Correct: Gradual decline in renal blood flow and GFR
is physiologic.
o A: Opposite occurs.
o C: Concentrating ability declines but is not entirely
lost.
o D: Azotemia indicates disease.
9. Pulmonary function decline in older adults commonly shows:
A. Increased vital capacity
B. Decreased chest wall compliance
C. Reversible airway obstruction
D. Improved gas exchange
Answer: B
Rationale:
o Correct: Stiffer chest wall and reduced muscle
strength decrease compliance.
o A: Vital capacity decreases.
o C: Obstruction from COPD is pathological, not normal.
o D: Gas exchange efficiency declines.
10. Sensory changes with aging include all EXCEPT:
A. Presbycusis (hearing loss)
B. Decreased taste bud sensitivity
, C. Enhanced visual acuity
D. Reduced vibration sense
Answer: C
Rationale:
o Correct: Visual acuity generally declines (presbyopia,
cataracts).
o A, B, D: All are normal sensory declines.
Interpretation of Laboratory Values Specific to Older Adults
11. An 82-year-old’s serum creatinine appears normal at
1.2 mg/dL. What must you consider?
A. It underestimates renal impairment due to reduced muscle
mass.
B. It overestimates GFR in older adults.
C. It has no relation to muscle mass.
D. It is always a reliable GFR marker.
Answer: A
Rationale:
o Correct: Low muscle mass produces less creatinine, so
“normal” levels may mask reduced GFR.
o B: Actually it overestimates GFR.
o C, D: Both false; muscle mass affects creatinine
production.
