BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Name the part of the nephron indicated (squiggle on top right hand side)-look at
image - ANSWERDistal Tubule
Which of the following would result from consuming alcohol on the urine? -
ANSWERUrine more dilute
Name the parts of a neuron (according to image) - ANSWER1. Dendrite 2. Cell Body
3. Axon
Which nitrogenous waste requires the greatest water loss to rid it from the body? -
ANSWERAmmonia
Which phylum/phyla have flame cells as part of their excretory system? -
ANSWERPlatyhelminthes (flatworms)
Name the part of the nephron indicated (red circle on the left) - ANSWERGlomerulus
What is the descending Loop of Henle permeable to? - ANSWERH2O moving out
Air enters the respiratory system through the trachea. The trachea branch into
smaller and smaller tubes. What is the name for the part of the lung where gas
exchange happens? - ANSWERAlveolus
Why does a fish suffocate when it is on land? - ANSWERThe gills stick together and
there is not enough surface area exposed to the air
When SA:Vol is large, what does that mean? - ANSWERLots of surface area relative
to volume
What is the concentration gradient of sodium ions (Na+) in a nerve cell? -
ANSWERHigher on the outside
What happens when some Na+ gates open? - ANSWERNa+ diffuses in and inside
becomes more positive
What happens when some K+ gates open? - ANSWERThe charged difference
between inside and outside the cell is restored
When lidocaine is applied to the nerve, would it be able to depolarize? - ANSWERNo
When the lidocaine is in effect, let's say the Na+/K+ pumps are activated. How would
that affect the concentration gradients of the ions? - ANSWERThe Na would build up
on the outside and the K would build up on the inside
, 2d from worksheet...which ions are moving at this stage? - ANSWERK+
Is the blood in the 2-chambered heart oxygenated or deoxygenated? -
ANSWERDeoxygenated
Why would this condition be fatal? - ANSWERThe majority of the organs would
never get oxygen delivered
What should the drawing of Transposition of the Great Vessels look like? - ANSWER
A resting potential, which of the ion channel gates are closed? - ANSWERNa+
activation gates and the K+ gates
During an action potential, what happens to restore the charge difference across the
cell membrane? - ANSWERK+ moves out of the cell
Which types of chemically-sensitive gated channels on a dendrite would result in an
EPSP? - ANSWERNa+
Q. What is the difference between blood and hemolymph? - ANSWERThe circulatory
fluid in an open circulatory system is called hemolymph (also the interstitial fluid).
Blood is the fluid in a closed system. It is not the same as interstitial fluid here.
Q. What are the major types of blood cells? (LBL) - ANSWERplatelets, red blood
cells, and white blood cells
Q. What adaptations allow an animal to use diffusion across its skin as the only
mechanism for gas exchange? - ANSWERThe animal must be thin and have a large
surface area. Animals that only diffuse across the skin have a dense network of
capillaries just below the skin that allows for the exchange of gases. The respiratory
surface is a thin, moist epithelium.
Q. What is the relationship between the surface area-to-volume ratio and efficiency
of exchange across a surface? - ANSWERThe rate of diffusion is proportional to the
surface area across which it occurs and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance through which molecules must move. In other words, the higher the surface
area and the lower the volume, the greater rate of diffusion.
Q. Not all animals use a circulatory system to transport oxygen and remove carbon
dioxide. How do insects and some spiders accomplish gas exchange? -
ANSWERInsects have a tracheal system which includes spiracles (let air into the
system) which are connected to tracheae that run very close to every tissue cell and
allow for diffusion of gasses.
Q. In a two-chambered heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the atrium?
(Give the entire pathway ending back in the atrium) - ANSWERblood leaves the
atrium, into the ventricle, into the gills where it picks up oxygen, and throughout the
body capillaries where oxygen is distributed and carbon dioxide is picked up, into the
vein and back into the atrium
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Name the part of the nephron indicated (squiggle on top right hand side)-look at
image - ANSWERDistal Tubule
Which of the following would result from consuming alcohol on the urine? -
ANSWERUrine more dilute
Name the parts of a neuron (according to image) - ANSWER1. Dendrite 2. Cell Body
3. Axon
Which nitrogenous waste requires the greatest water loss to rid it from the body? -
ANSWERAmmonia
Which phylum/phyla have flame cells as part of their excretory system? -
ANSWERPlatyhelminthes (flatworms)
Name the part of the nephron indicated (red circle on the left) - ANSWERGlomerulus
What is the descending Loop of Henle permeable to? - ANSWERH2O moving out
Air enters the respiratory system through the trachea. The trachea branch into
smaller and smaller tubes. What is the name for the part of the lung where gas
exchange happens? - ANSWERAlveolus
Why does a fish suffocate when it is on land? - ANSWERThe gills stick together and
there is not enough surface area exposed to the air
When SA:Vol is large, what does that mean? - ANSWERLots of surface area relative
to volume
What is the concentration gradient of sodium ions (Na+) in a nerve cell? -
ANSWERHigher on the outside
What happens when some Na+ gates open? - ANSWERNa+ diffuses in and inside
becomes more positive
What happens when some K+ gates open? - ANSWERThe charged difference
between inside and outside the cell is restored
When lidocaine is applied to the nerve, would it be able to depolarize? - ANSWERNo
When the lidocaine is in effect, let's say the Na+/K+ pumps are activated. How would
that affect the concentration gradients of the ions? - ANSWERThe Na would build up
on the outside and the K would build up on the inside
, 2d from worksheet...which ions are moving at this stage? - ANSWERK+
Is the blood in the 2-chambered heart oxygenated or deoxygenated? -
ANSWERDeoxygenated
Why would this condition be fatal? - ANSWERThe majority of the organs would
never get oxygen delivered
What should the drawing of Transposition of the Great Vessels look like? - ANSWER
A resting potential, which of the ion channel gates are closed? - ANSWERNa+
activation gates and the K+ gates
During an action potential, what happens to restore the charge difference across the
cell membrane? - ANSWERK+ moves out of the cell
Which types of chemically-sensitive gated channels on a dendrite would result in an
EPSP? - ANSWERNa+
Q. What is the difference between blood and hemolymph? - ANSWERThe circulatory
fluid in an open circulatory system is called hemolymph (also the interstitial fluid).
Blood is the fluid in a closed system. It is not the same as interstitial fluid here.
Q. What are the major types of blood cells? (LBL) - ANSWERplatelets, red blood
cells, and white blood cells
Q. What adaptations allow an animal to use diffusion across its skin as the only
mechanism for gas exchange? - ANSWERThe animal must be thin and have a large
surface area. Animals that only diffuse across the skin have a dense network of
capillaries just below the skin that allows for the exchange of gases. The respiratory
surface is a thin, moist epithelium.
Q. What is the relationship between the surface area-to-volume ratio and efficiency
of exchange across a surface? - ANSWERThe rate of diffusion is proportional to the
surface area across which it occurs and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance through which molecules must move. In other words, the higher the surface
area and the lower the volume, the greater rate of diffusion.
Q. Not all animals use a circulatory system to transport oxygen and remove carbon
dioxide. How do insects and some spiders accomplish gas exchange? -
ANSWERInsects have a tracheal system which includes spiracles (let air into the
system) which are connected to tracheae that run very close to every tissue cell and
allow for diffusion of gasses.
Q. In a two-chambered heart, where does the blood go after it leaves the atrium?
(Give the entire pathway ending back in the atrium) - ANSWERblood leaves the
atrium, into the ventricle, into the gills where it picks up oxygen, and throughout the
body capillaries where oxygen is distributed and carbon dioxide is picked up, into the
vein and back into the atrium
