BIOLOGY 102 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED SOLUTION A+ GRADED) 1. why is the rRNA gene used in phylogenetic classification?: - Present in all living organisms (essential for protein synthesis). - Evolves slowly, allowing comparison across diverse life forms. - Traces back to common ancestors, including ancient life. 2. what are the 8 taxonomy ranks: 1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species 3. Distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes.: Prokaryotes (Bacteria/Archaea):** - Unicellular, no membrane-bound organelles, no nucleus. - Cell walls with peptidoglycan (Bacteria) or pseudopeptidoglycan (Archaea). - **Eukaryotes:** - Uni/multicellular, membrane-bound organelles, nucleus. - Cell walls (if present) made of cellulose (plants) or chitin (fungi). 4. How do Archaea differ from bacteria: - Archaea lack peptidoglycan, have ether-linked branched lipids (vs. Bacteria's ester-linked unbranched lipids). - Thrive in extreme environments (halophiles, thermophiles, methanogens). 5. Why are prokaryotes considered evolutionarily successful?: 1. **Nutritional diversity:** Photoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, etc. 2. **Rapid reproduction:** Binary fission every ~20 mins. 3. **Extreme habitats:** Survive in volcanoes, deep oceans, etc. 4. **Nitrogen metabolism:** Fix N‚, nitrification, denitrification. 6. Name 4 nutritional categories of prokaryotes.: Continues...
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